Poultry Flashcards
Salmonella pullorum/gallinarum
Where is it distributed?
How is it transmitted
What species does it infect?
Outside the US - its eradicated
Egg-transmitted, horizontally
Chickens, turkeys, guinea fowl, pheasants, sparrows, and parrots
What CS & lesions are seen with salmonella pullorum/gallinarum?
FAD
CS: sudden death, septic arthritis (few signs in adults) - in most cases no clinical disease associated
lesions: white nodules or foci in heart, liver, cecum and gizzard, yellow-red inflammatory exudate in cecum, splenomegaly
How do you test for salmonella pullorum?
Plate agglutination test
Necrotic dermatitis or gangrenous dermatitis
Cauastive agents
CS:
How is it managed?
Clostridia septicum, clostridia perfringens A & C, staph. Aureus
CS: only causes signs if there is immunosuppression (necrosis and hemorrhage of skin)
Manage via minimizing overcrowding, clean litter
Necrotic enteritis Causative agent In what species is it found? Age CS When does it cause disease?
Clostridium perfringens types A & C
Floor-raised broilers and turkeys
Age: ~ 3 weeks of age
CS: gut damage, weakness, depression, death
Organism is always present, but something has to go wrong for it to cause disease
What does E. Coli cause?
Is it primary or secondary organism?
Colibacillosis
Secondary - its part of the normal flora of the environment
What is the most common bacterial infection in the US?
E. Coli - colibacillosis
Colibacillosis CS triad
Caused by E. Coli
- Pericarditis
- Perihepatitis
- Air sacculitis
Salpingitis
What is it
What is it seen with?
Infection of the repro tract
E. Coli
Pasterurella multocida
What is the common disease name?
Transmission
How often does it cause problem?
Fowl cholera
Transmission: enters mucous membranes of pharynx
Not often; its ubiquitous - we just vax for it: both Killed and live
Infectious Coryza Causative agent Species CS prevention
Avibacterium paragallinarum
Laying chickens
CS: foul odor, swelling of infraorbital sinuses, decreased production
Prevention: vaccinate, all-in/out
Aspergillosis
What type of contamination is it?
Environmental contamination - ubquitous
Not transmitted from bird to bird
Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus type Who is the primary host? Transmission Where does it replicate? Where does it persist?
Alpha-herpes virus
Primary host: chickens
Transmission: ocular and respiratory routes of entry
Replicates in and lyses epithelium of larynx, trachea, bronchi, conjunctiva, and sinuses
Persists: lung subclinically and trigeminal ganglion in latent infection
CS of Infectious Laryngotracheitis
Histopath of trachea
Gasp for air, blood on mouth, shaking head
Histopath: epithelial syncytia containing eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
Infectious bursal disease Species Common disease name CS Lesions Transmission Control
Chickens and turkeys
Aka Gumboro disease
CS: rapid onset, ruffled feathers, watery diarrhea, severe prostration
Lesions: primarily bursa of fabricius necrosis
Control: vas young chicks to prevent immunosuppression, vax breeders to transfer persistent Ab to progeny
Newcastle disease Virus type What virus type is exotic newcastle? CS Lesions Transmission
Paramyxoviridae
Velogenic
CS exotic: super infectious, death
CS non-exotic: edema of head, greenish diarrhea, resp & neuro signs
Lesions: edematous comb w/ hemorrhage, conjunctival & ventriculus hemorrhage, edema in neck
Transmission: direct contact (fomites, feces, respiratory discharge, etc)
Marek’s disease
Virus type
3 serotypes
Alpha herpesvirus
Serotype 1: oncogenic
Serotype 2: non-oncogenic
Serotype 3: turkey origin herpesvirus
Marek's disease CS Lesions Transmission Control
CS: gross tumors, neural lymphoma, torticollis (head turned to side), ocular lymphoma, cutaneous lymphoma, visceral lymphoma
Lesions: lymphoid tumors in thymus, neoplastic nerve lesions, pleomorphic nature of lymphoid cells in tumors
Transmission: respiratory, feather follicle epithelium
Control: S2 + S3 vaccines (work synergistically)
Fowl pox CS Lesions Transmission Control
CS: scab-like lesions on unfeathered skin, lesions around eyes and beak (dry form), nodules in oral cavity (wet form - which is worse)
Lesions: white plaques on chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs, bollinger bodies (giant cells) on wet lesions, Intracytoplasmic inclusions in epithelial cells
Transmission: mechanical vectors (biting insects)
Control: attenuated live vax
Avian influenza
Virus type
CS of LPAI in turkeys
CS of LPAI in chickens
Orthomyxovirus
CS of LPAI in turkeys: depression, huddling, sinusitis, eyes closed
CS of LPAI in chickens: mild resp signs - cough, sneeze
Avian Influenza
CS of HPAI
Pathogenicity of HPAI
Sudden onset of high mortlaity
HA can be cleaved in many tissue types resulting in systemic infection
Infectious Bronchitis Virus type CS CS of egg layers Lesions Transmission
Coronavirus
CS: resp distress, sneezing, rales, mortality 30%
CS of layers: resp signs AND eggs are soft-shelled, irregular, watery albumen, porous shell
Lesions: air sacculitis, sinusitis, fibrinous tracheitis, swollen kidneys, cystic oviducts, plugs in trachea
Transmission: oculonasal secretions or fomites
Coccidiosis
Causative agent
Which agent is most pathogenic?
CS
Eimeria (protozoa)
E. Tenella is most pathogenic
CS: host and site specific! Severe diarrhea, anemia, weight loss
Coccidiosis
Lesions
Transmission
Lesions: hemorrhage, dilation and fibrinonecrotic material in intestinal tract
Transmission: ingestion, fomites
