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Year 4 farm > Poultry > Flashcards

Poultry Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 differentials for respiratory disease in all poultry

A

Avian influenza
Newcastle disease

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2
Q

Name 3 routes of transmission for respiratory disease

A

3 of Eggs, Egg contamination, vertical transmission and environmental

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3
Q

Name 2 routes of poultry vaccination

A

2 of; water, sprays, injection, intra-ocular and in ovo

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4
Q

What is the ideal PM batch size?

A

6

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5
Q

What are the issues with vaccination in water?

A

Chlorination of water reduces efficacy and they do not provide upper respiratory tract immunity

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6
Q

What vein and needles size do you use to blood sample?

A

Brachial vein and 19-23g needle.

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7
Q

What respiratory disease do turkeys get that hens do not?

A

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT)

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8
Q

Name 2 diseases that cause sneezing in hens

A

Infectious bronchitis, avian rhinotracheitis and Avian influenza

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9
Q

List symptoms of avian influenza

A

Runny nose, eyelid oedema, sneezing, respiratory distress, haemorrhage, neurological signs, fatality

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10
Q

List symptoms of Newcastle disease

A

Respiratory distress, central nervous signs eg. Head tilt, diarrhoea

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11
Q

At what age do chickens often scour from Eimeria

A

24 days

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12
Q

Which clostridium causes enteritis in chickens

A

Clostridium perfringens

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13
Q

List the clinical signs of Clostridial disease

A

Huddling/depression/dullness with sudden death
Thin necrotic gut walls on PM

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14
Q

Predisposing factors for clostridial infection

A

Concurrent infection
Excessive protein in food
Energy/protein imbalance in food
Sub optimal husbandry
High levels of non-starch polysaccharides in food

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15
Q

Treatment for clostridial disease

A

Amoxicillin 20mg/kg/day orally often through water (tylosin also licensed but protected)
Pre-biotics to help gut Flora
Enzymes (beta mannanases) for protein ingestion

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16
Q

What does diarrhoea from brachyspira look like

A

Yellow and frothy

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17
Q

Avian intestinal Spirochaetosis (AIS) is caused by which three organisms

A

Brachyspira alvinipulli
Brachyspira intermedia
Brachyspira pilosicoli

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18
Q

Treatment for brachyspira

A

Tylosin or tilmicosin (both protected macrolides)

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19
Q

Salmonella causes what colour of diarrhoea

A

Green

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20
Q

Symptoms of fowl typhoid (salmonella)

A

Mortality
Anaemia
Green diarrhoea
Hepatomegaly

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21
Q

Treatment for salmonella

A

None - manage on farm

22
Q

What pathogen is coccidiosis caused by?

A

Eimeria species

23
Q

What are the 3 major species of chicken Eimeria and where do they infect?

A

Eimeria acervulina (upper intestine)
Eimeria maxima (upper and middle intestine)
Eimeria tenella (caeca)

24
Q

Why do chickens scour with Eimeria at 24 days?

A

Estimated 3 Eimeria lifecycles of 8 day length required to stimulate immunity. At 24 days cell mediated immunity kicks in

25
Q

Clinical signs of coccidiosis

A

Poor FCR
Poor bone mineralization
Lameness
Dehydration
Decreased pigmentation

26
Q

Cause of infectious bronchitis (QX)

A

Gamma coronavirus

27
Q

Control of turkey haemorrhagic enteritis

A

Vaccination through water at 18-28 days for lifelong immunity

28
Q

What lesion is almost pathognomonic for infectious bursal disease (gumbro)

A

Bursitis (PCR to confirm)

29
Q

Causes of femoral head necrosis in the bird

A

Bacteria (S. aureus)
Immunosuppression
Reovirus

30
Q

What causes hopping lameness associated with rapid growth and insufficient exercise?

A

Gastrocnemius tendon rupture

31
Q

What does kinky back refer to

A

Spondylolisthesis

32
Q

List the common causes of lameness in poultry (8 total)

A

Femoral head necrosis
Hock joint infection
Osteomyelitis
Tibial dyschondroplasia
Rickets
Pododermatitis
Spondylolisthesis (kinky back)
Spinal abscesses

33
Q

How can disease spread in hatcheries

A

Substandard egg washing

34
Q

At what age are poults transferred to release pens

A

6-7 weeks

35
Q

Signs of yolk sac infection

A

Malodorous, dehydration, emaciation, omphalitis (umbilical infection), mortality, coliforms and large discoloured yolk sac

36
Q

Signs of starve out/non starters

A

Weakness, lethargy, mortality
Starve out - no ingesta in gizzard
Non-starter - ingesta (often bedding), absorbed yolk sac and pale liver

37
Q

Salmonellosis in poults transmission/diagnosis

A

Contamination of brood hut or vertical
Caecal (cores) inflammation on PM
Swab liver for isolation

38
Q

What must not be done to a bitted bird

A

Release them

39
Q

Watery diarrhoea, dehydration,weight loss, lethargy, depression and mortality are signs of

A

Spiranucleosis and trichomoniasis

40
Q

Coccidiosis seen at what age in poults

A

21 days to 16 weeks

41
Q

What symptom is pathognomonic for histomoniasis in poults

A

Multiple Black circular lesions with white rings on the liver

42
Q

How long must eggs and meat be withdrawn for off license drug use in game birds

A

Egg 7
Meat 28

43
Q

What do drugs need to be okay to use in meat producing anymals

A

Minimum residue limit (MRL)

44
Q

What is the primary pathogen causing bulgy eye in poults

A

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

45
Q

Incoordination, tremor and cataracts are signs of

A

Avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV

46
Q

Mycoplasmosis treatment

A

Aivolsin - licensed

47
Q

Doxycycline is treatment for for which 3 diseases

A

Spiranucleosis, trichomoniasis and histomoniasis

48
Q

Toltrazuril (boycox) is licensed for what disease in poults

A

Coccidiosis

49
Q

Are vaccinations used in gamebirds?

A

Not commonly
Newcastle disease and mycoplasma used in parents stock

50
Q

Facts about Dermanyssus gallinae

A

Blood feeding ectoparasite
Difficult to detect and control
Treated with fluralaner in water
Commercially available vaccine

51
Q

Eimeria tenella facts

A

Parasites in caeca
Gi inflammation/haemorrhage/blood in caeca and droppings,
Host specific
Shed by clinically infected birds

52
Q

Capillaria facts

A

Nematode
Rapid reproduction
Causes mild irritation - death
Barrel shape eggs, clear plucks on pole

Year 4 farm (13 decks)

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