Potentially Malignant Disorders

Question 1

Clinical predictors of malignancy in leukoplakia

Answer 1

1. Age + gender
2. Idiopathic
3. Site - buccal low risk
   Floor of mouth + tongue - high risk
4. Clinical appearance: homogenous/non

Question 2

Histopathological predictors of malignant change

Answer 2

1. Dysplasia
2. Atrophy
3. Candida infection
4. Cellular atypia

Question 3

Molecular markers in oral epithelium dysplasia

Answer 3

• HPV
• COX1+2
• Angiogenesis

Question 4

Grading of epithelial dysplasia (5)

Answer 4

• Hyperplasia
• Mild
• Moderate
• Severe
• Carcinoma in situ

Question 5

Histological features of basal hyperplasia

Answer 5

Inc in basal cells
No cellular atypia

Question 6

Histological features of mild dysplasia

Answer 6

Mild atypia
Architectural changes in lower 3rd

Question 7

Histological features of moderate dysplasia

Answer 7

Moderate atypia
Architectural changes in middle 3rd

Question 8

Histological features of severe dysplasia

Answer 8

Severe atypia
Architectural changes in upper 3rd

Question 9

Histological features of carcinoma in situ

Answer 9

Pronounced cytological atypia
Abnormal architecture (full thickness)

Question 10

Process of carcinogenesis

Answer 10

• Initiation
• Promotion
• Transformation
• Progression

Question 11

Oral cancer genes

Answer 11

TP53
Tumour suppressor genes
Oncogenes
MiRNA
Genes that regulate apoptosis

Question 12

Different methods of spread of cancer

Answer 12

Local
Lymphatic
Blood