Potentially Malginant Disorders

Question 1

What is HPV associated with

Answer 1

Oro-pharyngeal cancer

Question 2

Potentially malginant conditions

Answer 2

Lichen planus
iron deficinecy - oral epithelium becomes thinner and puts oral cavity at risk of infection
Tertiary sysphillis - formation of mass of granulation tissue and tongue, can predispose to oral cancer
Oral submucous fibrosis - due to chewing betal nut. Abnormal collagen deposited on connective tissue of submucosa

Question 3

Leukoplakia

Answer 3

a white patch with no underlying cause
Cannot be rubbed off

Question 4

What type of lesion can be rubbed off

Answer 4

acute pseudomembranous candidosis

Question 5

Predictors of malginancy of leukoplakia

Answer 5

age and gender
idiopathic
FOM, tongue and soft palate
more posterior on the tongue

Question 6

Appearance of leukoplakia

Answer 6

Non homogenous, ulcerated, verrercous (higher risk)
Homogenous and smooth and same colour = lower risk

Question 7

Histology for leukoplakia

Answer 7

examine tissues for dysplasia, atrophy, candia infection

Question 8

Architertural dysplasia

Answer 8

involve the abnormal maturation and stratification of cells
division and keratin throughout the epithelium, the layers start to become jumbeled, spaces between cells may form and changes to reti pegs

Question 9

Cytological dysplasia

Answer 9

pleomorphism (change in cell size and shape)
hyperchromatism (darkened cell nucleus cause by increase in DNA in the nucleus)

Question 10

Mild dysplasia

Answer 10

there will be basal cell hyperplasia
changes in architeture of lower third cells
mild cellular aytpia with pelomorphism and hyperchromatism (darker stain as increase in DNA content)

Question 11

moderate dysplasia

Answer 11

change of architure into the middle third
moderate atypia
increase in spaces between cells, modification of the stratification
pleomorphism and hyperchromatism

Question 12

Severe dysplasia

Answer 12

Architertcural lchanges in upper third
servere atypia with mictotic figures throughout the thickeness of mucosa

Question 13

Basal hyperplasia

Answer 13

increase in basal cells
aritechture sames with regualr stratification
small dip into the connnective tissue for hyperplastic cells
No signs of atypia

Question 14

Carcinoma in situ

Answer 14

rarely seen
malginant but non invasive
architecture abnormal throughout the full thickeness of viable cell layers
pronounced cytological atypia with frew mitotic abnormalities
reti pegs pushed into tissues and have broad base