Oral Mucosal (white/red patches)

Question 1

The oral mucosal lining

Answer 1

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

What is underneath the epithelium

Answer 2

lamina propira (loose connective tissue)

Question 3

3 types of oral mucosa

Answer 3

lining
masticatory
gustatory

Question 4

What happens in the stratum basale

Answer 4

where the cells divide

Question 5

What happens in the stratum spinosum

Answer 5

cells mature here and have small spines

Question 6

Acanthosis

Answer 6

thicking of epithelium due to trauma or immunological damage
(hyperplasia of stratum spinosum)

Question 7

Elongated rete ridges

Answer 7

hyperplasia of basal cells

Question 8

Atrophy

Answer 8

reduction in viable layers

Question 9

Erosion

Answer 9

partial thickness loss

Question 10

atypia

Answer 10

describes changes in cells

Question 11

dysplasia

Answer 11

disordered maturation in tissue

Question 12

Geographic tongue

Answer 12

alteration to the maturation and the replacment of normal epithelial surface
Thinning of epithelial
aymptomatic but sometimes sens to spicy foods
basal cell replication will stop and restart in patchy areas

Question 13

Black hairy tongue

Answer 13

elongation of surface papillae which then becomate stained with pigments from food stuff
use tongue scraper or nectroine stone

Question 14

Fissure tongue

Question 15

Glossitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the tongue

Question 16

Why are some lesions white?

Answer 16

Due to thickening of the mucosa on the surface which gives less viability of blood cells in connective tissue beneath
as thickening increases the opacity of the epithelium will increase
Microscopically - hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis

Question 17

Types of keratosis

Answer 17

frictional keratosis
smokers keratosis
fordyce spots
chemical burn
heridiatry - white spongy nauvus
candial leukoplakia

Question 18

leukoplakia

Answer 18

a white patch which cannot be scraped off and has an unknown cause

Question 19

Fordyce spots

Answer 19

small clusters of spots <5mm on buccal mucosa or lip from ectopic sebacous gland

Question 20

Frictional keratosis

Answer 20

trauamtic source obvious
thickening of mucosa

Question 21

Smokers keratosis

Answer 21

seen as hyperkeratosis with raised levels of dysplasia but minimal infiltrate
likely to develop to leukoplakia

Question 22

White spongy naevus

Answer 22

family linked
occurs in areas subject to trauma
starts posterior and moves anterior

Question 23

Chemical burn

Answer 23

substance held in contact with mucosa which has casued cogulation of proteins and damges epithelial surface

Question 24

Candial lukoplakia

Answer 24

hyperplasitc candidosis (smoking noramally the cause)
present in commisures and tissues appears dyplastic
candida removed tissue returns to normalbiopsy for check for dysplasia

Question 25

Why are lesions sometimes red?

Answer 25

Atrophy of the epithelium allowing for blood vessels to be seen below or increased blood vessels in area

Question 26

Erythroplakia

Answer 26

red patch - area of unexplained red change in mucosa
more concern for malgninancy than leukoplakia

Question 27

Management of white/red patched

Answer 27

if unexplained - biopsy which identifies malginancies, dysplasia or lichen planus

Question 28

Local Causes of brown/black lesions

Answer 28

amaglam tatoo
malgninacy melonoma
poigmentatry incontence
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Macule/naevus
peutz-jehger’s syndrome

Question 29

Generalised causes of brown/black lesions

Answer 29

Smoking
racial
addisions
drugs

Question 30

what is an hamartoma

Answer 30

tumour like overgrowth - regular tissue but abnormal number or distribution

Question 31

Haemangioma

Answer 31

vascualr hamartoma

Question 32

lymphagioma

Answer 32

hamartoma of the lymph
common on base of tongue

Question 33

cystic hygoma

Answer 33

commonly found on left posterior triangle of neck