Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharma > Potassium Sparing Diuretics. ADH Antagonists, Osmotic Diuretics > Flashcards

Potassium Sparing Diuretics. ADH Antagonists, Osmotic Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Name the osmotic diuretics

A

Mannitol
Glycerol
Isosorbide
Urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are glycerin and isosorbide administered?

A

IV or PO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When are osmotic diuretics contraindicated?

A

Heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the adverse effects of osmotic diuretics?

A 
Overload of circulation
Dehydration 
Hyponatremia  
Pulmonary Edema
Hyperkalemia secondary to DM or impaired renal function
Headache, nausea, vomiting 
Cardiac failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When do we use osmotic diuretics?

A

Brain Edema
Acute kidney failure (e.g.., shock kidney)
Refractory Edema (when it is induced by kidney or liver disorders)
Oliguric states (e,g,m rhabdomyolysis)
CF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are mannitol and urea administered?

A

IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which osmotic diuretic can be used in CF?

A

Mannitol in the form of a spray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the K+ sparing diuretics?

A

Spirinolactone
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the ADH antagonists

A

Lithium salts
Demeclocycline
Conivaptan
Tolvaptan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the clinical indications for Eplerenone?

A

CHF

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the side effects of Eplerenone?

A 
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic acidosis
Gynecomastia
Hirsutism
Dysmenorrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the adverse effects of Spirinolactone?

A 
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic acidosis
Gynecomastia
Hirsutism
Dysmenorrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the side effects of Amiloride and Triamterene?

A

Hyperuricemia
Renal stones
Hyperkalemia
Metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the clinical indications of Amiloride and Triamterene?

A

Hypertension
Liddle syndrome
Li-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Liddle syndrome?

A

It is a genetic disorder causing increased activity of ENaC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the clinical indications of Spirinolactone?

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism
Secondary hyperaldosteronism in CHF, liver cirrhosis and nephrosis
(Hypertension - not really used)

17
Q

What drugs do spironolactone interact with?

A

Drugs reducing RAAS activity
NSAIDs
Digoxin

18
Q

What are the pharmacokinetic properties of spirinolactone?

A

It binds to other steroid receptors as well
It has a high 1st pass effect
It’s active metabolite is canrenoate

19
Q

What sort of drugs are Spirinolactone and Eplerenone?

A

Aldosterone receptor antagonists

20
Q

What is the receptor for Amiloride and Triamterene?

A

ENaC

Inhibition of ENaC

21
Q

What is the effect of inhibiting the ENaC channel?

A

Decreased Na/K exchange - Na excretion - diuresis with no K+ loss

22
Q

What are the adverse effects of Li salts, Demeclocycline, Conivaptan, Tolvaptan?

A 
Nausea
Thirst
Polyuria
Dehydration
Hypoglycaemia
23
Q

What are the clinical indications of Li salts, Demeclocycline, Conivaptan, Tolvaptan?

A

SIADH

Hyponatremia

24
Q

Where are Li salts, Demeclocycline, Conivaptan, Tolvaptan metabolised?

A

In the liver

25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Li salts and Demeclocycline?

A

Inhibition of cAMP-mediated processes

26
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Conivaptan and Tolvaptan?

A

ADH (V2) antagonists

27
Q

Name the diuretics which act on the Enac

A

Amiloride

Triamterene

28
Q

Name the drugs which are aldosterone antagonists

A

Spirinolactone

Eplerenone

29
Q

What is the receptor for vasopressin?

A

V2

30
Q

Where is the V2 receptor found?

A

on the basolateral membrane

31
Q

What is V2 receptor coupled to?

A

Gs

32
Q

What is the result of ADH release on the kidney?

A

Gs - cAMP increase - increase expression of AQP2 on the luminal membrane - increase reabsorption of solute free fluid.

33
Q

Name the V2 antagonists?

A

Conivaptan

Tolvaptan

34
Q

Name the drugs that inhibit the ADH induced cAMP mediated process

A

Li+ salts

Demeclocycline

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of osmotic diuretics?

A

They increase osmolarity in the tubular fluid and prevent water reabsorption - leading to osmotic diuresis

Hyperosmosis in the blood leads to increased EC volume leading to increased GFR and reduced ADH secretion

36
Q

How are osmotic diuretics administered?

A

IV

Pharma (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions