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Pharma > Agents Used In Anemias > Flashcards

Agents Used In Anemias Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of anemia?

A 
Fatigue
Tachycardia 
Shortness of breath
Pale skin
Dizziness
Insomnia
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2
Q

Where is iron stored?

A

In intestinal mucosal cells, liver, spleen and bone marrow as ferritin

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3
Q

What is iron stored as?

A

Ferritin

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4
Q

What is the usual cause of iron deficiency anemia?

A

Acute/chronic blood loss
Insufficient intake
Heavy menstruation
Pregnancy

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5
Q

What are the typical lab findings in iron deficiency anemia?

A

Hypochromic, microcytic RBCs
High transferrin
Low ferritin level

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6
Q

What are the different types of oral preparations that can be used in iron deficiency anemia?

A

Preparations containing ionic iron

Complex iron preparations

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7
Q

What are the oral preparations containing ionic iron?

A

Ferrous sulfate
Ferrous fumarate
Ferrous gluconate

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8
Q

What are the complex iron preparations?

A

Fe(III)-hydroxide-polymaltose

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9
Q

What is the duration of treatment for iron deficiency anemia?

A

2-6 months

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10
Q

What are the interactions of the agents used in iron deficiency anemia?

A

With chelate forming compounds

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11
Q

What are the adverse effects of the oral preparations used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?

A

GI symptoms - nausea, abdominal pain, constipation

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12
Q

What are the parenteral preparations used in iron deficiency anemia?

A

Iron dextran
Sodium ferric gluconate complex
Iron-sucrose complex
NEVER FERROUS!

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13
Q

What are the clinical indications of using parenteral preparations in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?

A

Severe absorption insufficiency

Very marked bleeding

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14
Q

How are the parenteral preparations for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia administered?

A

IV bolus (slow) or infusion

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15
Q

What are the adverse effects of the parenteral preparations in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?

A

Anaphylactic shock

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16
Q

What are the contraindications of using parenteral preparations in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia?

A

Hemosiderosis
Hemochromatosis
Acute hepatic problems
Non-iron-deficient-anemia

17
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin B12?

A

Methylcobalamine

18
Q

What are the causes of B12 deficiency?

A 
Poor absorption (due to lack of IF: pernicious anemia)
Low dietary levels
19
Q

What are the other names of Vit B12?

A

Cyanocobalamine

Hydroxocobalamine

20
Q

What are the clinical indications of cyanocobalamine administration?

A 
B12 deficiency anemia 
Megaloblastic anemia 
Neuropathy of diabetic and alcoholic patients
Spinal cord syndrome
Facial paresis
Herpes zoster
Bariatric surgery
21
Q

How is Vit B12 absorbed?

A

Absorption with IF

22
Q

Where is cyanocobalamine stored?

A

In the liver

23
Q

How is Vit B12 administered?

A

Oral

Parenteral (hydroxocobalamine)

24
Q

What are the side effects of Vit B12 administration?

A

Allergic symptoms (around the site of administration)
Risk of embolism
Worsening of psoriasis, eczema

25
Q

What are the contraindications of administering Vit B12?

A

Polycythemia

26
Q

What is the other name for Vit B9?

A

Folic acid

27
Q

What is the other name of folic acid?

A

Vit B9

28
Q

What are the indications of folic acid supplementation?

A

Prevention and treatment of folic acid deficiency
Prevention of congenital neural tube defects
General usage is controversial (masks B12 deficiency)

29
Q

What type of anemia is folic acid deficiency anemia?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

30
Q

What can cause folic acid deficiency?

A

Increased demand (e.g., pregnancy and lactation)
Poor absorption
Alcoholism
Treatment with drugs that are dihydrofolate reducatase inhibitors (e.g., MTX, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim)

31
Q

How is Vitamin B9 eliminated?

A

Urine and feces

32
Q

How is folic acid administered?

A

Orally

33
Q

What are the adverse effects of folic acid administration at high doses?

A 
GI problems 
Sleep disturbances
Depression
Allergy 
Abundant availability can enhance the development of pre-cancerous and cancerous tumors
34
Q

What are the contraindications of B9 supplementation?

A

Megaloblastic anaemia of unclarified origin

Folic acid dependent tumors (e.g., colon, hemopoietic)

Pharma (23 decks)

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