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Pharma > Cholinergic Transmission And Its Presynaptic Modification > Flashcards

Cholinergic Transmission And Its Presynaptic Modification Flashcards

1
Q

What is the rate limiting step of Ach synthesis?

A

Choline/Na+ costransporter

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2
Q

What inhibits the Choline/Na+ cotransporter?

A

Hemicholinium

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3
Q

What does Botulinum toxin do?

A

BT inhibits the fusion of the NT vesicle to the pre-synpatic membrane via cleavage of Synaptobrevin

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4
Q

What is the effect of Hemichonlinium?

A

Indirect acting
decreases ACh production
Decreased Nicotinic and Muscarinic stimulation

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5
Q

What are the clinical indications of Botulinum toxin?

A 
Blephamospasm
dystonias
strabismus
hemifacial spasm
Cosmetic use
Hyperhydrosis
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6
Q

What is the onset of action of Botulinum toxin?

A

2-3 days

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7
Q

What is the duration of action of Botulinum toxin?

A

3 months

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8
Q

Where is the Nn type nicotinic receptor found?

A

CNS
Adrenal Medulla
Autonomic Ganglia

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9
Q

Where is the Nm nicotinic receptor found?

A

NMJ

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10
Q

What inhibits ganglionic receptors?

A

Mecamylamine

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11
Q

What inhibits NMJ?

A

Atracurium

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12
Q

What are the mechanisms of cholingergic presynaptic stimulation?

A
  1. 4-aminopyridine
  2. alpha - iatrotoxin
  3. Higher EC calcium level
  4. Inhibition of presynaptic inhibitory receptors
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13
Q

What are the mechanisms of cholinergic presynaptic inhibition at the level of synthesis?

A

Hemicholinium

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14
Q

What are the mechanisms of cholinergic presynaptic inhibition at the level of storage?

A

Vesamicol

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15
Q

What are the mechanisms of cholinergic presynaptic inhibition at the level of release?

A

Botulinum toxin, w-conotoxin

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16
Q

What are the mechanisms of cholinergic presynaptic inhibition at the level of choline re-uptake?

A

Hemicholinium

17
Q

What are the mechanisms of cholinergic presynaptic inhibition at the level of the NMJ?

A

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclins

18
Q

What are the tertiary ganglion blocking agents?

A

Mecamylamine

Trimetaphan

19
Q

What are the quaternary ganglion blocking agents?

A

Hexamethonium

Tetraethylammonium

20
Q

What are the non competitive (depolarising) ganglion blocking agents?

A

Nicotine

21
Q

What are the competitive (non-depolarising) ganglion blocking agents?

A

Mecamylamine
Trimetaphan
Hexamethonium
Tetraethylammonium

22
Q

What receptor do ganglionic blocking agents act on?

A

Nn receptors (Nn blockers)

23
Q

What are the characteristics of ganglionic blocking agents?

A

Non-selective
Unpredictable response thus rarely used in clinical practice
reduce the autonomic tone
prevent baroreceptor reflex changes in heart rate

Pharma (23 decks)

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