Potassium Flashcards
Where is potassium?
major cation intracellualr
what does potassium do?
affects nerve impulse transmission
assists skeletal and cardiac muscle contractions
affects acid-base balacne in releatin to H+ ions
what can disturb potassium?
disease
injures
medication
therapies
what is the normal range of potassium?
3.5 to 4.5
what is the importance of potassium?
must be ingested daily –> 40
what helps maintian potassium balance?
sodium-potassium pump
renal regulation
pH level
what are foods that have potassium in them?
chocolate
dried fruit, nuts and seeds
fruits–> oranges, banana, apricot, and cantaloupe
meats
vetables –> beans, potatoes, mushrooms, tomatoes, and celery
what causes hypokalemia?
medications inadequate intake/ excessive output prolonged intestine suctioning vomiting diarrhea laxative abuse severe diaphoresis recent ileostomy villous adenoma
what are the signs and symptoms of potassium?
S skeletal muscle weakness U U wave C constipation T toxicity I irregular / weak pulse O orthostatic hypotension N numbness
what are some other signs and symptoms of hypokalemia?
anorexia cramps decreased bowel sounds ECG change hyporeflexia N/V paresthesia polyuria paralysis
what are treatments options for hypokalemia?
high-potassium diet
oral supplements
IV supplement therapy
Potassium-sparing diuretics
what is hyperkalemia?
MOST dagerous
accompanies metabolic acidosis
increased intake of potassium (shift into extracellular)
medication
What are signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia?
abdominal cramping diarrhea ECG changes (tall T) Hypotension Irregular pulse rate irritability muscle weakness Nausea paresthesia bradycardia
What is the treatment for hyperkalemia?
loop diuretics SEVERE CASES C calcium chloride or gluconate B bicarbonate I insulin G glucose K kayexalate D dialysis
