Phosphorus

Question 1

what is phosphorus?

Answer 1

anion in the intracellular fluid
85% found in bones and teeth
combined with calcium in a 1:2 ratio

Question 2

what is phosphorus do?

Answer 2

cell membrane integrity
muscle and neurological function
metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins
promotes oxygen
buffers acid and bases promotes energy by forming ATP
essenential for healthy bones and teeth

Question 3

what is the normal range for phosphorus?

Answer 3

2.5 to 4.5

Question 4

what affects phosphorus?

Answer 4

dietary intake
renal excretion (intake increases excretion increases)
parathyroid
PTH

Question 5

how does the parathyroid hormone affect phosphorus?

Answer 5

by affecting the PTH

Question 6

how does PTH affect phosphorus?

Answer 6

by the calcium levels
PTH causes the kidneys to increase excretion of phosphorus if the calcium level is high and reabsorb if the calcium level is low

Question 7

what does insulin do to phosphorus?

Answer 7

move glucose and phosphorus into the cells

along with alkalosis

Question 8

what is hypophosphatemia caused by?

Answer 8

shift of phosphorus into intracellular
decrease intestinal absorption
increased excretion from kidneys

Question 9

what is the most common causes of hypophosphatemia?

Answer 9

respiratory alkalosis
hyperglycemia
refeeding syndrome
mal absorption
excessive use of phosphorus-binding antacids
diarrhea
laxative abuse
diuretics
diabetic ketoacidosis
hyperparathyroidism
hypocalcemia
extensive burns

Question 10

what are systems are affected by hypophospatemia?

Answer 10

musculoskeletal
central nervous
cardiac
hematlogic

Question 11

what are some common s/s of hypophosphatemia?

Answer 11

muscle weakness
slurred speech
dysphagia
cardomyopathy 
hypotension
decreased cardiac output 
rhabdomyolysis
cyanosis 
respiratory failure

Question 12

what is the treatment for hypophosphatemia?

Answer 12

oral supplements
increase dietary intake
SEVERE
IV phosphorus( potassium phosphate or sodium phospate)

Question 13

what is hyperphospatemia?

Answer 13

usually caused by impaired renal excretion of phosphorus

Question 14

what are some causes of hyperphospatemia?

Answer 14

hypothyroidism

Question 15

why does hypothyroidism affect hyperphospatemia?

Answer 15

reduced PTH levels –> reduced phosphate excretion

Question 16

hyperphosphatemia is caused by

Answer 16

shift of phosphorus into extracellular fluid

Question 17

what are some causes of hyperphospatemis shifts?

Answer 17

respiratory acidosis
diabetic ketoacidosis
cell destruction caused by chemo
necrosis
rhabdomyolysis
heat stroke
infection

Question 18

what are s/s of hyperphospatemia?

Answer 18

hypocalcemia
parethsia
muscle cramps
muscle weakness
tetany
positve Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs
decreased mental status
hyperreflecia
anorexia
N/V
calcification

Question 19

what does calcification cause?

Answer 19

arrhythmias
irregular heart rate
decreased urine output
conjunctivitis
cataracts
impaired vision
papular eruption

Question 20

what is the treatment for hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 20

correct underlying problem
include low phosphorus diet
med--> decrease absoption of phosphorus
IV saline solution
Proximal diuretics --> excretion
Dialysis