Phosphorus Flashcards
what is phosphorus?
anion in the intracellular fluid
85% found in bones and teeth
combined with calcium in a 1:2 ratio
what is phosphorus do?
cell membrane integrity
muscle and neurological function
metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins
promotes oxygen
buffers acid and bases promotes energy by forming ATP
essenential for healthy bones and teeth
what is the normal range for phosphorus?
2.5 to 4.5
what affects phosphorus?
dietary intake
renal excretion (intake increases excretion increases)
parathyroid
PTH
how does the parathyroid hormone affect phosphorus?
by affecting the PTH
how does PTH affect phosphorus?
by the calcium levels
PTH causes the kidneys to increase excretion of phosphorus if the calcium level is high and reabsorb if the calcium level is low
what does insulin do to phosphorus?
move glucose and phosphorus into the cells
along with alkalosis
what is hypophosphatemia caused by?
shift of phosphorus into intracellular
decrease intestinal absorption
increased excretion from kidneys
what is the most common causes of hypophosphatemia?
respiratory alkalosis hyperglycemia refeeding syndrome mal absorption excessive use of phosphorus-binding antacids diarrhea laxative abuse diuretics diabetic ketoacidosis hyperparathyroidism hypocalcemia extensive burns
what are systems are affected by hypophospatemia?
musculoskeletal
central nervous
cardiac
hematlogic
what are some common s/s of hypophosphatemia?
muscle weakness slurred speech dysphagia cardomyopathy hypotension decreased cardiac output rhabdomyolysis cyanosis respiratory failure
what is the treatment for hypophosphatemia?
oral supplements
increase dietary intake
SEVERE
IV phosphorus( potassium phosphate or sodium phospate)
what is hyperphospatemia?
usually caused by impaired renal excretion of phosphorus
what are some causes of hyperphospatemia?
hypothyroidism
why does hypothyroidism affect hyperphospatemia?
reduced PTH levels –> reduced phosphate excretion
hyperphosphatemia is caused by
shift of phosphorus into extracellular fluid
what are some causes of hyperphospatemis shifts?
respiratory acidosis diabetic ketoacidosis cell destruction caused by chemo necrosis rhabdomyolysis heat stroke infection
what are s/s of hyperphospatemia?
hypocalcemia parethsia muscle cramps muscle weakness tetany positve Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs decreased mental status hyperreflecia anorexia N/V calcification
what does calcification cause?
arrhythmias irregular heart rate decreased urine output conjunctivitis cataracts impaired vision papular eruption
what is the treatment for hyperphosphatemia?
correct underlying problem include low phosphorus diet med--> decrease absoption of phosphorus IV saline solution Proximal diuretics --> excretion Dialysis
