Chloride Flashcards
where is chloride found?
anion in extracellular fluid
what does chloride go with?
Sodium and Potassium
What does chloride do?
maintain serum osmolarity
water balance
combine with Na to attract water and form CSF
aids digestion
maintian acid-base balance and Carbon dioxide transport into red blood cells
where is Chloride also found ?
bile
gastric
pancreatic juices –> hydrochloric acids
what does chloride balance depend on?
intake and excretion of chloride
reabsoption of chloride ions in kidneys
Where is chloride also absorbed beside kidneys
intestines; GI disorders may affect balance
what does Sodium and Chloride do?
linked closes affect aldoserone secretion
what is and inverse relationship to chloride?
bicarbonate
what can cause hypochloremia?
poor chloride intake
chloride-deficent infant formula
IV replacement fluids w/o electrolyte supplements
excesssive loss from GI tract, skin or kidneys
what are some deficiencies that cause hypochloremia?
sodium or potassium metabolic alkalosis diabetic ketoacidosis Addison's disease diuretics rapid removal of ascitic fluid heart failur
what are some s/s of hypochloremia?
hyper active DTR muscle hypertoxicity cramps s/s acid-base imbalanc teteny
what are the treatments for hypochloremia?
increase intake
underlying cause of alkalosis
IV saline solutions ( either Na or K chloride)
what is the causes of hyperchloremia?
acid-base imbalance (rarely on own)
^metabolic acidosis
decreased water intake
decreased absorption in intestines
what are other elements that cause hyperchloremia?
high sodium
bicarbonate (inverse)
what are s/s of hyperchloremia?
tachypnea lethargy cognition weakness severe metabloic acidosis arrhythmias kussmaul's respirations decreaesd cardiac output decreased LOC -> coma
