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PT Eval Finals > Postural Assessment > Flashcards

Postural Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Position in which minimum stress is applied to each joint

A

Correct posture

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2
Q

Any static position that increases the stress on the joints.

A

Faulty posture

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3
Q

Primary curves

A

Kyphosis (Thoracic & Sacral)

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4
Q

Secondary curves

A

Lordosis (Lumbar & Cervical)

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5
Q

Center of Gravity

A

5 in. anterior to s2
T12 (for babies)

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6
Q

COG for head

A

Sphenoid sinus

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7
Q

COG for head & neck

A

Bassioccipital

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8
Q

COG for head, neck, & trunk

A

Anterior to T11

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9
Q

COG for UE

A

Just above the elbow

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10
Q

COG for arms

A

Medial head of the triceps

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11
Q

COG for forearm

A

Pronator teres

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12
Q

COG for hand

A

3rd MCP

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13
Q

COG for LE

A

Just above the knee joint

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14
Q

COG for thigh

A

Adductor brevis

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15
Q

COG for leg

A

Popliteus

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16
Q

COG for foot

A

2nd MTT

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17
Q

The area within the points of contact of the body and any object individual relies on for support

A

Base of Support (BOS)

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18
Q

And imaginary vertical line that passes from the COG to the ground or surface the object or person is on.

A

Line of Gravity (LOG)

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19
Q

Line of Gravity for UE

A

Through Odontoid process
Anterior to AO joint
Through Cervical spine
Anterior Thoracic spine
Through Lumbar spine

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20
Q

Line of Gravity for LE

A

Posterior to Hips
Anterior to the knee
Anterior to the ankle

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21
Q

When the LOG is within the BOS

A

Stable

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22
Q

When the LOG falls outside of the BOS

A

Unstable

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23
Q

How to increase stability

A

Larger BOS
Lower COG

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24
Q

Anatomical factors affecting correct posture

A

Bony contours
Laxity of ligamentous structures
Muscle tonus
Pelvic angle
Joint position and mobility

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25
Q

Normal pelvic angle

A

30 degrees

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26
Q

Upper cross body syndrome

A

Tight upper traps & LS
Weak deep neck flexors

Weak lower and mid traps & serratus
Tight Pecs

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27
Q

Lower cross body syndrome

A

Tight Erector spinae
Weak Abdominals

Tight Iliopsoas
Weak Gluteus Maximus

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28
Q

Causes of poor posture

A

Postural (Positional) factors
Structural factors

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29
Q

Postural (Positional) factors

A

Poor postural habits
Early growth spurt
Muscle imbalance

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30
Q

Structural factors

A

Congenital anomalies
Developmental problems
Trauma
Disease

31
Q

Line or string with weight at the bottom

32
Q

Plumb line at the head and neck

A

Bisects the head the midline into two equal halves

33
Q

Common faults in the head & neck

A

Lateral tilt
Rotation
Mandibular asymmetry (CMT)

34
Q

Plumb line at the shoulders

A

Vertical line bisects the sternum and xiphoid process

35
Q

Common faults in the shoulders

A

Dropped/Elevated shoulders
Clavicle and joint asymmetry

36
Q

Common faults in elbow

A

Cubitus varus
Cubitus valgus

37
Q

Common faults in hip

A

Anteversion
Retroversion

38
Q

Plumb line at the knee

A

The legs are equidistant from a vertical line through the body.

39
Q

Common faults at the knee

A

Genu Varum
Genu Valgum
External Tibial Torsion
Internal Tibial Torsion

40
Q

Plumb line at the ankle

A

In between the two malleoli

41
Q

Common faults at the ankle

A

Hallux Valgus
Hammer toes
Claw toes
Excessive toe in/out
Pes Cavus
Pes Planus

42
Q

Plumb line at the lateral head & neck

A

Falls through the external auditory meatus

43
Q

Common faults at the lateral head & neck

A

Forward head
Flattened lordotic cervical curve
Excessive lordotic curve

44
Q

Plumb line at the lateral shoulder

A

Falls through the acromion process

45
Q

Common fault at the lateral shoulder

A

Forward or round shoulders

46
Q

Plumb line at the thoracic vertebra

A

Bisects the chest symmetrically

47
Q

Common faults at the thoracic vertebra

A

Kyphosis
Pectus Carinatum
Pectus Excavatum

48
Q

Plumb line at the lateral lumbar vertebra

A

Falls midway between the abdomen and back slightly anterior to the SIJ.

49
Q

Common faults at the lateral lumbar vertebra

A

Lordosis
Sway back
Flat back

50
Q

Plumb line at the pelvis and hip

A

Slightly anterior to the SIJ

51
Q

Common faults at the pelvis and hip

52
Q

Plumb line at the lateral knee

A

Line passes slightly anterior to the midline of the knee

53
Q

Common faults at the knee

A

Genu Recurvatum
Flexed knee

54
Q

Plumb line at the posterior head & neck

A

Bisects the head through the occipital protuberance, head is usually positioned squarely over the shoulders so that the eyes remain level

55
Q

Common faults at the posterior head & neck

A

Head tilt
Head rotated
Adducted scapulae
Abducted scapulae
Winging of the scapulae

56
Q

Plumb line at the posterior trunk

A

Bisects the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

57
Q

Common faults at the posterior trunk

A

Lateral deviation (Scoliosis)

58
Q

Plumb line at the posterior pelvis & hip

A

Bisects the gluteal cleft and PSIS are on the same horizontal plane

59
Q

Common faults at the posterior pelvis & hip

A

Lateral pelvic tilt
Pelvic rotation
Abducted hip

60
Q

Plumb line at the posterior knee

A

Lies equidistant between the knees

61
Q

Common faults at the posterior knee

A

Genu varum
Genu valgum

62
Q

Plumb line at the posterior ankle and foot

A

Equidistant from the malleoli

63
Q

Common faults at the posterior ankle and foot

A

Pes planus
Pes cavus

64
Q

Tight muscles during flat back

A

Hamstrings
Abdominals
Hip extensors
Scapular retractors
Thoracic erector spinae

65
Q

Weak muscles during flat back

A

One jointed hip flexors

66
Q

Weak muscles during falt back

A

One jointed hip flexor
Lumbar extensors
Local stabilizers
Scapular protractors
Anterior intercostals

67
Q

Joints commonly affected during flat back

A

Pelvic joint
ST joint

68
Q

Tight muscles during round back

A

Neck extensors
Hip flexors
Upper abdominals
Intercostals

69
Q

Weak muscles during round back

A

Neck flexors
Upper erector spinae
External obliques
Thoracic erector spinae
Rhomboids

70
Q

Joints commonly affected during round back

A

ST joint
GH joint

71
Q

Tight muscles during scoliosis

A

Muscles on the concave side
Hip adductors on the convex side
Foot supinator muscles on the short side

72
Q

Weak muscles during scoliosis

A

Muscles on the convex side
Hip abductors on the concave side

73
Q

Joints affected during scoliosis

A

Pelvic joints
Hip joint
Foot joint
ST joint
GH joint
AO joint
TMJ

PT Eval Finals (8 decks)

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