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PT Eval Finals > Gait Analysis & Neurological Assessments > Flashcards

Gait Analysis & Neurological Assessments Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

Phases of the Gait cycle

A

Stance Phase
Swing Phase

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2
Q

Accounts for 60% of the gait cycle

A

Stance phase

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3
Q

Accounts for 40% of the gait cycle

A

Swing phase

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4
Q

It is when the foot comes in contact with the ground

A

Initial contact (Heel Strike)

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5
Q

Initial contact to the time when the contralateral foot leaves the ground

A

Loading Response (LR/Foot Flat)

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6
Q

The time when the ipsilateral heel leaves the ground to the time of the contralateral foot initial contact with the ground

A

Terminal stance (TSt)

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7
Q

From the time that the contralateral heel leaves the ground to the time that the ipsilateral heel leaves the ground

A

Midstance (MSt)

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8
Q

Time when the contralateral foot initial contact with the ground to the time that the ipsilateral foot leaves the ground.

A

Pre-swing (PSw/Toe-off)

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9
Q

The time from when the foot leaves the ground to ipsilateral foot alignment with the contralateral ankle

A

Initial swing (ISw/Acceleration)

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10
Q

The time from ankle and foot alignment to the wing leg tibia becoming vertical

A

Midswing (MSw)

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11
Q

The time from the tibia reaching a vertical position to the initial contact of the swing foot to the ground

A

Terminal swing (TSw/Deceleration)

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12
Q

Weight acceptance of initial contact (heel strike)

A

10%

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13
Q

Weight loading of load response (foot flat) and midstance (single-leg stance).

A

40%

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14
Q

Terminal stance (heel off) and Pre-swing (toe off) weight loading

A

10%

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15
Q

Occurs when the foot is lifted off the floor

A

Initial swing (ISw/Acceleration)

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16
Q

The swing leg is adjacent to the weight-bearing leg

A

Midswing (MSw)

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17
Q

Swinging leg slows down in preparation for initial contact with the floor.

A

Terminal swing (Deceleration)

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18
Q

What is the distance between both feet called? What is the normal distance between both feet?

A

Base (Step width)
5-10 cm (2-4 in)

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19
Q

It is the distance between successive contact. What is its normal parameter?

A

Step length
72 cm (28 in)

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20
Q

It is the distance between successive points of foot-to-floor contact of the same foot. What is its normal parameter

A

Stride length
144 cm (56 in)

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21
Q

It is the angle of the toe out of the foot. What is its normal parameter?

A

Fick angle
7 degrees (2nd MTT as landmark)

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22
Q

Side-to-side movement of the pelvis during walking. What is its normal parameter?

A

Lateral pelvic shift
2.5-5 cm (1-2 in)

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23
Q

Lessens the angle of the femur with the floor and lengthens the femur. What is its normal parameter?

A

Pelvic rotation
8 degrees in total (4 anteriorly/4posteriorly)

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24
Q

Normal center of gravity

A

5 cm (2 in) anterior to s2

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25
The number of steps per min. What are its normal parameters
Cadence 90-120 steps/min 111 steps/min (M) W are usually 6-9 steps higher than M
26
Scalar quantity
Walking speed
27
Vector quantity
Walking velocity
28
Functions of the Determinants of Gait
Increase the efficiency and smoothness of the pathway of gait Decreases vertical and lateral displacement of COG Decrease energy expenditure
29
Amount of ankle joint motion required for normal gait
10 DF 20 PF
30
The stance phase on the affected leg is shorter as the patient attempts to remove the weight on the affected leg.
Antalgic (Painful) Gait
31
Patient thursts the thorax posteriorly at initial contact to maintain the hip extension of the leg. Presents with weak hip extensors
Gluteus Maximus Gait
32
Forward flexion of the trunk with strong plantar flexions causes the knee to extend.
Quadriceps Avoidance (Forward Lurching) Gait
33
The patient lifts the knee higher than normal to avoid dragging the toes against the ground. At initial contact, the foot slaps the ground.
Steppage or Drop Foot Gait
34
Contralateral side of the affected hip droops because the ipsilateral hip abductors can not stabilize or prevent the droop.
Gluteus Medius (Trendelenburg) Gait
35
The paraplegic leg swings outwards and ahead in a circle or pushes it ahead.
Hemiplegic or Hemiparetic (Circumduction) Gait
36
The patient tends to have a broad base due to poor sensation or poor muscle coordination. The patient watches their feet while walking.
Ataxic Gait
37
The neck, trunk, and knees are flexed with characterized shuffling or short rapid steps.
Parkinsonian Gait
38
Patient may lean forward and walk progressively faster as though unable to stop.
Festination (Parkinsonian Gait)
39
The patient laterally shifts to the affected side causing the pelvis to tilt down on the affected side; causing a limp.
Short leg (Painless Osteogenic) Gait
40
The patient presents with ER, flexion, and adduction of the hip and has difficulty in swing-through. This is seen in patients with Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (LCPD).
Psoatic Limp Gait
41
Result of spastic paralysis of hip adductor muscles. Knees are drawn together so that legs can be swung forward only with great effort.
Scissors/Scissoring Gait
42
Pelvis must be elevated by exaggerated plantar flexion of the opposite ankle and circumduction of the stiff leg to provide toe clearance
Arthrogenic (Stiff knee or hip) Gait
43
Results in lumbar lordosis and extension of the trunk combined with knee flexion to get the foot on the ground.
Hip flexion contracture gait
44
Presents with excessive ankle dorsiflexion from last swing phase to early stance phase of the uninvolved leg and early heel rise on the involved side during terminal stance.
Knee flexion contracture gait
45
Results in knee hyperextension and forward bending of the trunk with hip flexion
Plantar flexion contracture gait (Toe drag & Knee thrust)
46
Weight-bearing is primarily on the dorsolateral or lateral edge of the foot. Weight-bearing on the affected limb is decreased
Equinus Gait (Toe Walking)
47
Decrease or absence of push-off. The stance phase is less and presents with a shorter step length on the unaffected side.
Plantar Flexor Gait
48
CN I
Olfactory Sensory (Afferent) Olfaction
49
CN II
Optic Sensory (Afferent) Vision
50
CN III
Oculomotor Motor (Efferent) Turns Eye UDI Constricts pupil Accommodates Lens
51
CN IV
Trochlear Motor Intorsion of the Eye
52
CN V
Trigeminal Both Face sensation Cornea sensation Anterior tongue sensation Muscles of mastication Dampens sound (Tensor Tympani)
53
CN VI
Abducens Motor (Efferent) Turns Eye out
54
CN VII
Facial Both Ant. tongue taste Facial expression Dampens sound (stapedius) Tearing (lacrimal gland) Salivation (submandibular & sublingual glands)
55
CN VIII
Auditory/Vestibulocochlear Sensory Balance (Semicircular canals, utricle, sacule) Hearing (organ of Corti)
56
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal Both Post. tongue taste Post. tounge sensation Oropharynx sensation Salivation (Parotid gland)
57
CN X
Vagus Both Thoracic and abd viscera Larynx and Pharynx Decrease HR Increase GI motility
58
CN XI
Spinal Accessory Motor (Efferent) Head movements (SCM & Trapz)
59
CN XII
Hypoglossal Motor (Efferent) Tongue shapes & movement
60
Sharp/dull discrimination
Pain perception
61
Ability to distinguish warm or cool stimuli
Temperature awareness
62
Determines the perception of tactile touch input
Touch awareness
63
The therapist's fingertip or a double-tipped cotton swab is used.
Pressure awareness
64
Test for awareness of movement
Kinesthesia awareness
65
Examines joint position sense and awareness of joints at rest
Proprioceptive awareness
66
Requires a tuning fork that has 128 Hz
Vibration perception
67
Superficial sensations
Pain perception Temperature awareness Pressure awareness Touch awareness
68
Deep sensations
Kinesthesia awareness Proprioception awareness Vibration perception
69
Determines the ability to recognize the form of an object by touch
Stereognosis perception
70
Determines the ability to localize the touch sensation on the skin
Tactile localization
71
Determines the ability to perceive two points applies to the skin simultaneously
Two-point discrimination
72
Determines the ability to perceive simultaneous touch stimuli
Double simultaneous simulation
73
Determines the ability to recognize letters, numbers, or designs written on the skin
Graphesthesia
74
Determines the ability to differentiate among various textures
Recognition of texture
75
Determines the ability to recognize different weights
Barognosis
76
Combined cortical sensation
Stereognosis perception Tactile localization Two-point discrimination Graphesthesia Recognition of texture Barognosis
77
No increase in muscle tone
MAS Grade 0
78
Slight increase in muscle tone manifested by a catch and release at end of ROM
MAS Grade 1
79
Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch followed by minimal resistance
MAS Grade 1+
80
More marked increase in tone through most of ROM but joint is easily moved
MAS Grade 2
81
Considerable increase in muscle tone passive movement is difficult
MAS Grade 3
82
Affected part is rigid in flexion or extension
MAS Grade 4
83
Response is absent
DTR Grade 0
84
Slight reflex but depressed; low normal
DTR Grade 1+
85
Normal, typical reflex
DTR Grade 2+
86
Brisk reflex, possibly but not necessarily abnormal
DTR Grade 3+
87
Very brisk reflex, abnormal, conus
DTR Grade 4+
88
UMNL Affectation
CNS problem Hypertonic, Hyperflexia, Spastic
89
LMNL Affectation
PNS problem Hypotonic, Hypoflexia
90
Stroking of the lateral aspect of the foot
Babinski Reflex
91
Stroking of the lateral side of the foot beneath the lateral malleolus
Chaddock Reflex
92
Stroking of the anteromedial tibial surface
Oppenheim's reflex
93
Squeezing of the calf muscles firmly
Gordon's reflex
94
Organic Hemiplegia
Increased muscle tone and tendon reflex in the paralyzed limbs
95
Passive flexion of the lower limb
Brudzinski's reflex
96
Flicking of the terminal phalanx of one of the 3 medial fingers
Hoffman's (Digital) reflex
97
Tapping the plantar surface of the toes
Rossolimo's reflex
98
Squeezing the Achilles tendon in the middle third
Schaeffer's reflex

PT Eval Finals (8 decks)

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