Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

microbiology 2 > postnatal infections > Flashcards

postnatal infections Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

intra amniotic infection

A

previously called chorioamnionitis

amniotic fluid, placenta, fetus, fetal membranes or decidua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bugs in intra amniotic infection

A

polymicrbial and caused by ascending cervicovaginal organisms
may result rarely from a maternal bacteraemia (e.g. listeria monocytogenes) or as a direct result of invasive procedures (e.g. amniocentesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

group B strep

A

strep agalcatiae

gram positive coccus in chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GBS disease in pregnancy

A

urinary tract infection
upper genital tract infection - chorioamnionitis
post partum enodmetritis
pneumonia and meningitis in the baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

GBS increases risk of

A

preterm birth
premature rupture of membranes
leading cause of chorioamnionitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GBSS infection in the baby

A

sepsis
pneumonia
meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

early onset neonatal GBS

A

36% fatality

meningitis survivors sometimes have moderate to severe neurological impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

risk factors for GBS

A

rectovaginal colonisation of mother

50% transmission rate but only 1-2% will develop disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

prevention of GBS disease

A

prev ent transmission by giving antibiotics during labour as prophylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

screening of GBSs

A

take swabs for all pregnant women at 35-37 weeks

treat those who are GBS positive with antibiotics during labour to prevent GBS spread to baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

risk based approach

A

don’t use screening cultures - just treat those with risk factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cons of culture based antibiotics

A

increased exposure to antibiotics, maternal anaphylaxis, number need to treat high, over and under treatment to transient carriage, dependant on specimens taken and types of culture used, effect on microbiome, increased medicalisation, cost effectiveness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

listeria monocytogenes infection

A

uncommon infection
gram positive rod
multiplies at low temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

carriage of listeria monocytogenes

A

asympomatic maternal carriage
or
flu like illness in mother

fetal loss common, neonatal death in 25% of pregnancy cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

treatment regimens

A

benxylpenecillin or amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

post partum fever

A

fever 2-10 days after birth

low grade fevers common 24 hours after birth that usually resolves

17
Q

post partum fever differential diagnosis

A 
surgical site infection, endometritis, retained products of conception 
mastitis or breast abscess 
urinary tract infection 
septic pelvic thrombophlebitis 
clostridium difficile 
drug fever
18
Q

endometritis

A

inflammation and infection of the lining of the endometrium - the lining of the uterus

uterine or adnexal tenderness
purulent and/or offensive lochia
fever

19
Q

Caesarean section

A

risk factor for endometiritis
particularly after labour has commenced or those with bacterial veginnosis
peri-operative prophylaxis has reduced risk

20
Q

antecedent intra amniotic infection

A

also risk factor for endometritis

can be clinically silent

21
Q

endometritis microbiology

A

migration of normal flora into uterus

polymicrobial

22
Q

post partum infection treatment

A

amoxicillin or cafazolin

plus gentamicin and metronidazole

23
Q

mastitis

A 
inflammation of the breast 
milk stasis 
can become infection - red swollen, form, tender part of the breast 
systemic - fever and flu like symptoms 
may develop breast abscess
24
Q

predisposing factors to mastitis

A 
poor positioning/attachment 
damaged nipples - especially if colonised with staph aureus 
incomplete draining of the breast 
inadequate/inappropriate treatment f previous mastitis 
ankyloglossia 
abrupt weaning 
scarring causing incomplete drainage 
restrictive bra/clothing
25
Q

mastitis diagnosis

A

microbiology - S aureus (including MRSA) GBS

- always send expressed breast milk (EBM), particularly important if recurrent mastitis

26
Q

management of mastitis

A

send EBM
start antibiotics - flucloxacillin
avoid milk stasis - continue draining breasts (baby or pump), correction of positioning/attachment problems by experienced midwife
feed/pump from affected breast first
avoid long periods between feeds/pump
suspected breast abscess - diagnostic ultrasound

27
Q

treatment of mastitis

A

flucloxacillin
for patients sensitive to penicillin - excluding immediate hypersensitivity) - cefalexin
for immediate hypersensitivity - clindamycin

IV f severe

28
Q

risks of antibiotics to neonate

A
  • relative infant dose is low for most antibiotics
    possible effect on neonatal
  • modification of bowel flora and possible associate symptoms
  • modulation of mucosal and systemic immune responses by gut flare
  • possible inhibition of septic screen cultures if baby is febrile
    all correct recommendations are to continue breastfeeding in the event of mastitis

microbiology 2 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions