4.1

Question 1

enterobacteriaceae

Answer 1

escherichia
citrobacter
edwardsiella
enterobacter
klebsiella
morganella
proteus
providencia
serratia
salmonella
shigella
yersinia

Question 2

properties of enetrobacteriaceae

Answer 2

1. they ferment glucose
2. they are negative in the oxidase test
3. they are nitrate positive

Question 3

disease associations of the enterobacteriaceae

Answer 3

1. UTIs
2. antibiotics resistant nos
3. diarrhoea illness
4. typhoid fever
5. plague

Question 4

cystitis

Answer 4

bladder infection s

Question 5

pyelonephritis

Answer 5

kidney infection

Question 6

why do eneterobacteriaceae cause UTIs

Answer 6

in most cases, UTIs result from bacteria of the bowel origin gaining access to the distal urethra and ascending the urinary tract
many of the enetrobacteriaceae are commensals of the human bowel, and for this reason members of this group are the most common cause of UTIs

Question 7

strains of E coli causing UTISs

Answer 7

uropathogenic strains

Question 8

why are they called uropathogenic

Answer 8

because they have virulence factors which enable them to colonise the urethra and survive inside the urinary tract

Question 9

proteus mirabilis

Answer 9

second most common cause of UTIs in the community

Question 10

second most common cause of UTIs in the community

Answer 10

proteus mirabilis

Question 11

antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections

Answer 11

• bacteria are very resistant to antibiotics
  patients may be susceptible because
• many are ill, debilitated or post operative
• their immune systems are compromised or they may have cancer or be on immunosuppressive drugs
• they may have intrevenous catheters, endotracheal tubes, urinary catheters, surgery with or without foreign devices left in place, breaches the skin and exposes normally sterile body sites

Question 12

genera frequently implicated in nocosomial infections

Answer 12

• enterobacter
• serratia
• klebsiella
• proteus
• morganella
• providencia

Question 13

types of antibiotic resistant nosocomial infections

Answer 13

• pneumonia - often associated with mechanical ventilations use
• UTI - often associated with catheterisation of the urethra and bladder
• bloodstream infections - often associated with intravenous cannulas
• surgical wound infections
• orthopaedic infections - particularly of prosthetic joints, pins and plates

Question 14

EHEC

Answer 14

enterohaemorrhagic E coli

Question 15

EPEC

Answer 15

enteropathogenic E coli

Question 16

EIEC

Answer 16

enteroinvasive E coli

Question 17

ETEC

Answer 17

enterotoxigenic E coli

Question 18

EaggEC

Answer 18

enter aggregative E coli

Question 19

yersinia enterocolitica

Answer 19

also infects the lymph nodes within the mesentery

produces pain that can mimic appendicitis

Question 20

2 species of salmonella

Answer 20

s enterica and

s bongori

Question 21

serotypes of salmonella

Answer 21

• typhoidal

- non typhoidal - cause self limiting diarrhoea

Question 22

genus shigella

Answer 22

species in this genus are causes of bacillary dystentray, in which faeces contain blood and pus due to the inflammatory process in the bowel wall

Question 23

typhoid fever caused by

Answer 23

salmonella

Question 24

typhoid fever also called

Answer 24

enteric fever

Question 25

serotypes causing typhoid fever

Answer 25

• salmonella Typhi

- salmonella Paratyphi

Question 26

bacteria in typhoid fever disease found in

Answer 26

bloodstream and lymphoreticular tissue