Posterior Triangle of the Neck Picture Cards

Question 1

Also, what attaches to #2?

Answer 1

1. Zygomatic arch
2. Mastoid process - sternocleidomastoid attaches to it (that’s how it formed)
3. Styloid process
4. Ramus of the mandible
5. Body of the mandible
6. Hyoid bone
7. Stylohyoid ligament
8. Thyroid cartilage
9. Cricoid cartilage

Question 2

Also name what each ligament does.

Answer 2

1. Alar ligaments prevent excessive side-to-side motion.
2. Transverse ligament prevents anterior displacement of the atlas and skull on C2.

Question 3

Answer 3

1. Alar ligaments
2. Cruciate ligament
   - 3. superior longitudinal band
   - 4. transverse ligament
   - 5. inferior longitudinal ligament

Question 4

Answer 4

1. Nuchal ligament
2. Anterior longitudinal ligament
3. Posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
4. Vertebral artery

Question 5

What happened?

Answer 5

Anterior subluxation of C5 on C6

Question 6

What happened?

Answer 6

Hangman’s fracture - bilateral fracture of the posterior arch of C2 with anterior subluxation of C2 on C3 from hyperextension/distraction.

Question 7

Answer 7

1. Mental process
2. Hyoid bone
3. Thyroid cartilage
4. Cricoid cartilage
5. SCM
6. Jugular notch
7. Supraclavicular fossa

Question 8

Answer 8

The mental process of a cheater.

Question 9

Answer 9

1. Investing fascia
2. Prevertebral fascia
3. Carotid sheath
4. Pretracheal fascia
5. Alar fascia

Question 10

Answer 10

Superficial fascia

Question 11

Answer 11

1. Investing fascia
2. Platysma muscle

Question 12

Answer 12

1. Posterior auricular vein
2. Retromandibular vein
3. Facial vein
4. External jugular vein

Question 13

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 13

Platysma

Originates on the deep fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid muscles.

Inserts on the lower margin of the mandible, some fibers blend with the muscle at the angle of the mouth (risoreus). Below the chin, fibers from the opposite side interdigitate.

Innervation of the cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII).

Action is to depress the mandible and draw down the lower lip and angle of the mouth.

Question 14

Name the muscle, action, and innervation.

Answer 14

Trapezius muscle

Superior part of the muscle elevates and upwardly rotates the scapula. Middle part retracts the scapula. Inferior part depresses and rotates the scapula superiorly.

Innervated by spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).

Question 15

Name the muscle, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.

Answer 15

Sternocleidomastoid

Originates on the upper part of the manubrium and medial third of the clavicle.

Inserts on the mastoid process and lateral part of the nuchal line.

Innervated by the spinal part of accessory nerve CN XI

Action is to extend the head at atlanto-occipital joint, and flex the cervical part of the vertebral column if both act together. Contraction of one side –> lateral bending of the neck.

Question 16

What happened?

Answer 16

Torticollis

Question 17

Answer 17

1. Occipital traingle
2. Omohyoid muscle
3. Supraclavicular traingle

Question 18

Answer 18

1. External jugular vein
2. Lesser occipital nerve
3. Great auricular nerve

Question 19

Answer 19

1. Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
2. Transverse cervical nerves
3. Supraclavicular nerves

Question 20

Name the nerves and their respective spinal nerve contributions (except for #1). What are these nerves called collectively?

Answer 20

1. Ansa cervicalis
2. Great auricular nerve (C2, C3)
3. Transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3)
4. Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)
5. Supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)
6. Lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3)

This is the cervical plexus (primary ventral rami).

Question 21

Answer 21

1. V1 (ophthalmic div.) of trigeminal n. (CN V)
2. V2 (maxillary div.) of trigeminal n.
3. V3 (mandibular div.) of trigeminal n.
4. Dorsal rami of cerival spinal nerves
5. Branches from the cervical plexus (primary ventral rami)
6. C2 (dorsal ramus of greater occipital nerve)
7. C3
8. C4

Question 22

Name these muscles, their innervation, and action.

Answer 22

1. Anterior scalene
2. Middle scalene
3. Posterior scalene

Act to laterally bend neck and can also elevate the 1st and 2nd ribs during heavy inspiration.

They are innervated by motor branches of cervical and brachial plexus.

Question 23

Name the muscles, innervations, and actions.

Answer 23

1. Levator scapulae - action is to elevate the scapula, innervated by branches of cervical and brachial plexuses.
2. Splenius capitis - action is to extend skull (bilateral contraction) or laterally bend and rotate (unilateral contraction). Innervated by dorsal primary rami of cervical spinal nerves (true back muscle).

Question 24

Answer 24

1. Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
2. Dorsal scapular nerve
3. Brachial plexus
4. Suprascapular nerve

Question 25

Also, what did #4 come from?

Answer 25

1. Phrenic nerve 2. Transverse cervical artery 3. Internal jugular vein 4. Suprascapular artery, came from the subclavian artery

Question 26

Answer 26

1. Transverse cervical artery 2. Suprascapular artery

Question 27

Name the muscle, its innervation and action.

Answer 27

Semispinalis capitus Acts to extend the head and spinal column Innervated by dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves (true back muscle)

Question 28

Name these muscles and their innervation.

Answer 28

1. Obliquius capitus superior 2. Obliquius capitus inferior 3. Rectus capitus posterior minor 4. Rectus capitus posterior major Innervated by dorsal primary rami of cervical spinal nerves (they are also true back muscles).

Question 29

Answer 29

1. Occipital artery 2. Great auricular nerve 3. Greater occipital nerve (C2 dorsal ramus) - does cutaneous sensation 4. Suboccipital nerve (C1 dorsal ramus) 5. Least occipital nerve (C3)

Question 30

Answer 30

1. Trapezius 2. Sternocleidomastoid 3. Supraclavicular nerves

Question 31

Answer 31

1. Great auricular nerve 2. Lesser occipital nerve 3. Trapezius 4. External jugular vein 5. SCM 6. Transverse cervical nerve

Question 32

Answer 32

1. Great auricular nerve 2. Lesser occipital nerve 3. Accessory nerve (CN XI) 4. Suprascapular nerve 5. Intermediate tendon of omohyoid 6. External jugular vein 7. SCM 8. Transverse cervical nerve

Question 33

Also, what passes through number 6?

Answer 33

1. Condylar process 2. Neck of the condylar process 3. Coronoid process 4. Ramus 5. Body 6. Mandibular foramen - inferior alveolar nerve passes through it

Question 34

Answer 34

Nuchal ligament

Question 35

Name the muscle and its innervation.

Answer 35

Omohyoid muscle, superior belly (the inferior belly is the part closer to the shoulder and is innervated by the inferior root of ansa cervicalis). Superior belly is innervated by the superior root of ansa cervicalis (C1, C2). Omo means shoulder.

Question 36

Answer 36

common carotid artery

Question 37

Name this thing. Also, where is it in relation to the common carotid artery? What structure surrounds this thing + the common carotid artery and vagus nerve?

Answer 37

Internal jugular vein, lies lateral to the common carotid artery. Surrounded by the carotid sheath.

Question 38

#3 is not a structure, its a landmark I guess.

Answer 38

1. Lesser occipital nerve 2. Great auricular nerve 3. Nerve point of the neck

Question 39

Answer 39

Supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)

Question 40

Answer 40

Transverse cervical nerves (C2, C3)

Question 41

Name this vein, which veins join to form it, and what it empties into.

Answer 41

External jugular vein. The retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein form the external jugular vein, it empties into the subclavian vein.

Question 42

Answer 42

1. Deep cervical fascia aka investing fascia 2. Platysma muscle

Question 43

Answer 43

superficial cervical fascia