ear Flashcards

exam 2

1
Q

2 main functions of the ear

A
  • equilibration as in balance; the vestibular system

- hearing; the cochlear system

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2
Q

the external ear is refereed as the

A

auricle –> pinna

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3
Q

that gnarly external ear injury

A

auricular hematoma–> cauliflower area

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4
Q

sensory innervation of the external ear

A

mostly from the auriculotemporal br. of V3

some contributions from CN VII and X

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5
Q

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome

A

shingles inside the ear canal

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6
Q

Arnold’s reflex

A

cough reflex can be stimulated by touching side of the face which is initiated by CN X

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7
Q

Auricular muscles are innervated by

A

br. of the CN VII (temporal and posterior auricular)

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8
Q

blood supply to the ear

A

sup. temporal a. and posterior auricular a.

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9
Q

superficial temporal v. drains into the _______

posterior auricular v. drains into the _______

A

sup. temporal drains into retromandibular v.

post. auricular drains into the external jugular

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10
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of the ear:

  • lateral top half to
  • medial top half to
  • bottom to
A
  • lateral top half to superficial parotid nodes
  • medial top half to mastoid nodes
  • bottom to superficial cervical nodes
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11
Q

why is a cue tip dangerous?

A

perforation of the tympanic membrane

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12
Q

tympanic membrane separates?

what is the function?

A

external and middle ear

capture changes in air pressure (sound waves) and transfer to the bones in the middle ear

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13
Q

sensory fibers from cranial nerve XI get to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane via the ______

Bonus: which hole does it go though?

A

tympanic nerve (jacobsen)

  • tympanic cannaniculus
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14
Q

arcuate eminence overlies the

A

semicircular canals

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15
Q

tegmen tympani forms the roof over the

A

middle ear

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16
Q

name the 3 bones of the middle ear

A
  1. malleus
  2. incus
  3. stapes

head of the malleus articulates with the incus and the other end is the umbus

incus articulates with the stapes

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17
Q

stapes has an _____ shape

A

ovale

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18
Q

why is tensor tympani important?

A

muscle that insert to the handle of the malleus and dampens loud sounds

innervated by V3

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19
Q

Why is stapedius m. important?

A

muscle that inserts into the stapes, screeching noise activates facial nerve and pull a face

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20
Q

hyperacussis

A

high pitch due to paralysis of stapedius

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21
Q

Contraction of tensor and levator veli palatini open the pharyngotympanic tube to __________

A

equalize pressure

22
Q

is the pharyngotympanic tube easily blocked by swelling of the mucosal membrane?

A

YASSS

23
Q

otitis media

A

poor drainage of the middle ear

24
Q

3-year-old girl has fever and left ear pain for 3 days. She has been treated with amoxicillin for past 5 days for left otitis media. Temperature is 101.3°F, pulse is 100/min, respirations are 20/min, and blood pressure is 80/60 mm Hg. Examination shows the left ear displaced forward and laterally. There is edema and tenderness behind the left ear. Otoscopic examination shows a red, dull, left tympanic membrane that does not move. what is the most likely dx?

A

mastoiditis

25
Q

infections that travel through the aditus into the mastoid air cells causing

A

mastoidits

26
Q

embryology time:

1st arch forms the

A
  • malleus
  • incus
  • tensor tympani
27
Q

embryology time:

2nd arch forms the

A
  • stapes

- stapedius

28
Q

embryology time:

1st cleft forms the

A

external acoustic meatus

29
Q

embryology time:

1st pouch forms the

A
  • pharyngotympanic tube

- middle cavity

30
Q

embryology time:

otic placode forms the

A

membranous labyrinth in inner ear

31
Q

inner ear– _____ organ

A

vestibulocochlear organ

32
Q

which artery supplies blood to the inner ear by traveling through the internal acoustic meatus

A

labyrinthine

33
Q

is a membrane enclosed space within the bony labyrinth

A

membranous labyrinth

34
Q

Canals within the inner ear form the

A

bony labyrinth

35
Q

excess endolymph production or blockage of the endolymphatic duct. Results in recurrent tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo

A

meniere’s syndrome

36
Q

whaaaat, in our utricle and saccule contain hairs cell that are sensitive to

A

gravity and linear movement of the head

37
Q

utricle macula is in the

A

horizontal plane

38
Q

saccule macula is in the

A

vertical plane

39
Q

what is maculae?

A

where hair cells are concentrated

40
Q

semicircular ducts are sensitive to what type of movement?

A

rotational

41
Q

Balance and positional awareness are an integration of the

A

vestibular and visual systems

42
Q

inner core of bone which house the spiral ganglion

A

modiolus

43
Q

base of the stapes

A

oval window

44
Q

secondary tympanic membrane

A

round window

45
Q

_________ transmitted through the oval window causes vibrations within the fluids of the cochlea

These vibrations are sensed by the __________

A

Mechanical energy transmitted through the oval window causes vibrations within the fluids of the cochlea

These vibrations are sensed by the organ of corti

46
Q

inner or outer hair cell:

  • stereocilia in endolymph
  • afferent innervation
A

inner

47
Q

inner or outer hair cell:

  • stereocilia embedded in tectorial membrane
  • afferent and efferent innervation
A

outer hair cells

48
Q

basilar membrane?

A

resonant structure

49
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

-loss of sound conduction from the external or middle ear; impaired movement of oval or round window

50
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

-defects or damage to the cochlea or cochlear nerve

51
Q

Presbycusis and High tone hearing loss

A

Aging and persistent exposure to excessively loud sounds

52
Q

which hair cells are most susceptible to damage?

A

inner hair cells at basal end of cochlea