Posterior Triangle of the Neck Picture Cards Flashcards
Also, what attaches to #2?
- Zygomatic arch
- Mastoid process - sternocleidomastoid attaches to it (that’s how it formed)
- Styloid process
- Ramus of the mandible
- Body of the mandible
- Hyoid bone
- Stylohyoid ligament
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
Also name what each ligament does.
- Alar ligaments prevent excessive side-to-side motion.
- Transverse ligament prevents anterior displacement of the atlas and skull on C2.
- Alar ligaments
- Cruciate ligament
- 3. superior longitudinal band
- 4. transverse ligament
- 5. inferior longitudinal ligament
- Nuchal ligament
- Anterior longitudinal ligament
- Posterior atlanto-occipital ligament
- Vertebral artery
What happened?
Anterior subluxation of C5 on C6
What happened?
Hangman’s fracture - bilateral fracture of the posterior arch of C2 with anterior subluxation of C2 on C3 from hyperextension/distraction.
- Mental process
- Hyoid bone
- Thyroid cartilage
- Cricoid cartilage
- SCM
- Jugular notch
- Supraclavicular fossa
The mental process of a cheater.
- Investing fascia
- Prevertebral fascia
- Carotid sheath
- Pretracheal fascia
- Alar fascia
Superficial fascia
- Investing fascia
- Platysma muscle
- Posterior auricular vein
- Retromandibular vein
- Facial vein
- External jugular vein
Name the muscle, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.
Platysma
Originates on the deep fascia covering pectoralis major and deltoid muscles.
Inserts on the lower margin of the mandible, some fibers blend with the muscle at the angle of the mouth (risoreus). Below the chin, fibers from the opposite side interdigitate.
Innervation of the cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII).
Action is to depress the mandible and draw down the lower lip and angle of the mouth.
Name the muscle, action, and innervation.
Trapezius muscle
Superior part of the muscle elevates and upwardly rotates the scapula. Middle part retracts the scapula. Inferior part depresses and rotates the scapula superiorly.
Innervated by spinal accessory nerve (CN XI).
Name the muscle, origin, insertion, innervation, and action.
Sternocleidomastoid
Originates on the upper part of the manubrium and medial third of the clavicle.
Inserts on the mastoid process and lateral part of the nuchal line.
Innervated by the spinal part of accessory nerve CN XI
Action is to extend the head at atlanto-occipital joint, and flex the cervical part of the vertebral column if both act together. Contraction of one side –> lateral bending of the neck.
What happened?
Torticollis
- Occipital traingle
- Omohyoid muscle
- Supraclavicular traingle
- External jugular vein
- Lesser occipital nerve
- Great auricular nerve
- Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
- Transverse cervical nerves
- Supraclavicular nerves
Name the nerves and their respective spinal nerve contributions (except for #1). What are these nerves called collectively?
- Ansa cervicalis
- Great auricular nerve (C2, C3)
- Transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3)
- Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)
- Supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)
- Lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3)
This is the cervical plexus (primary ventral rami).
- V1 (ophthalmic div.) of trigeminal n. (CN V)
- V2 (maxillary div.) of trigeminal n.
- V3 (mandibular div.) of trigeminal n.
- Dorsal rami of cerival spinal nerves
- Branches from the cervical plexus (primary ventral rami)
- C2 (dorsal ramus of greater occipital nerve)
- C3
- C4
Name these muscles, their innervation, and action.
- Anterior scalene
- Middle scalene
- Posterior scalene
Act to laterally bend neck and can also elevate the 1st and 2nd ribs during heavy inspiration.
They are innervated by motor branches of cervical and brachial plexus.
Name the muscles, innervations, and actions.
- Levator scapulae - action is to elevate the scapula, innervated by branches of cervical and brachial plexuses.
- Splenius capitis - action is to extend skull (bilateral contraction) or laterally bend and rotate (unilateral contraction). Innervated by dorsal primary rami of cervical spinal nerves (true back muscle).
- Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
- Dorsal scapular nerve
- Brachial plexus
- Suprascapular nerve
Also, what did #4 come from?
- Phrenic nerve
- Transverse cervical artery
- Internal jugular vein
- Suprascapular artery, came from the subclavian artery
- Transverse cervical artery
- Suprascapular artery
Name the muscle, its innervation and action.
Semispinalis capitus
Acts to extend the head and spinal column
Innervated by dorsal rami of cervical spinal nerves (true back muscle)
Name these muscles and their innervation.
- Obliquius capitus superior
- Obliquius capitus inferior
- Rectus capitus posterior minor
- Rectus capitus posterior major
Innervated by dorsal primary rami of cervical spinal nerves (they are also true back muscles).
- Occipital artery
- Great auricular nerve
- Greater occipital nerve (C2 dorsal ramus) - does cutaneous sensation
- Suboccipital nerve (C1 dorsal ramus)
- Least occipital nerve (C3)
- Trapezius
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Supraclavicular nerves
- Great auricular nerve
- Lesser occipital nerve
- Trapezius
- External jugular vein
- SCM
- Transverse cervical nerve
- Great auricular nerve
- Lesser occipital nerve
- Accessory nerve (CN XI)
- Suprascapular nerve
- Intermediate tendon of omohyoid
- External jugular vein
- SCM
- Transverse cervical nerve
Also, what passes through number 6?
- Condylar process
- Neck of the condylar process
- Coronoid process
- Ramus
- Body
- Mandibular foramen - inferior alveolar nerve passes through it
Nuchal ligament
Name the muscle and its innervation.
Omohyoid muscle, superior belly (the inferior belly is the part closer to the shoulder and is innervated by the inferior root of ansa cervicalis). Superior belly is innervated by the superior root of ansa cervicalis (C1, C2).
Omo means shoulder.
common carotid artery
Name this thing. Also, where is it in relation to the common carotid artery? What structure surrounds this thing + the common carotid artery and vagus nerve?
Internal jugular vein, lies lateral to the common carotid artery. Surrounded by the carotid sheath.
3 is not a structure, its a landmark I guess.
- Lesser occipital nerve
- Great auricular nerve
- Nerve point of the neck
Supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)
Transverse cervical nerves (C2, C3)
Name this vein, which veins join to form it, and what it empties into.
External jugular vein. The retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein form the external jugular vein, it empties into the subclavian vein.
- Deep cervical fascia aka investing fascia
- Platysma muscle
superficial cervical fascia
