Posterior Thigh Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh known as?

A

The hamstrings

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2
Q

What do the hamstrings consist of?

A

Biceps femoris Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

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3
Q

What do the hamstrings do as a group?

A

Extend at the hip and flex at the knee

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4
Q

What are the hamstrings innervated by?

A

The sciatic nerve (L4-S3) as it descends through the thigh

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5
Q

What to the hamstrings form?

A

Prominent tendons medially and laterally at the back of the knee

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6
Q

What does the biceps femoris have?

A

Two heads, a long and a short

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7
Q

Where does the biceps femoris lie?

A

More laterally

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8
Q

Where can the common tendon of the two heads be felt?

A

Laterally at the posterior knee

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9
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the long head of the biceps femoris?

A

Ischial tuberosity

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10
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the short head of the biceps femoris?

A

Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur

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11
Q

What is the distal attachment of the biceps femoris?

A

Lateral side of the head of the fibula

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12
Q

What happens to the biceps tendon at the lateral side of the head of the femur?

A

It is split by the fibular collateral ligament of the knee

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the long head of the biceps femoris?

A

Tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the short head of the biceps femoris?

A

Common fibular division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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15
Q

What is the arterial supply of the biceps femoris?

A

Perforating arteries of the deep femoral artery

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16
Q

What is the main action of the biceps femoris?

A

Flexes leg and laterally rotates it when the knee is flexed

Extends thigh

17
Q

What can be said of the semitendinosus?

A

It is a largely tendinous muscle

18
Q

Where does the semitendinosus muscle lie?

A

Medially to the biceps femoris

19
Q

What does the semitendinosus cover?

A

The majority of the semimembranosus

20
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the semitendinosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

21
Q

What is the distal attachment of the semitendinosus?

A

Medial surface of the superior part of tibia

22
Q

What do the semitendinosus and semimembranosus share?

A

Innervation
Action
Arterial supply
Proximal attachment

23
Q

What shape is the semimembranosus?

A

Flattened, broad

24
Q

Where is the semimembranosus muscle located?

A

Underneath the semitendinosus

25
What is the proximal attachment of the semimembranosus?
Ischial tuberosity
26
What is the distal attachment of the semimembranosus?
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
27
What does the reflected attachment of the semimembranosus form
The oblique popliteal ligament to lateral femoral condyle
28
What is the innervation of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus?
Tibial division of the sciatic nerve part of tibia (L5, S1, S2)
29
What is the arterial supply of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus?
Perforating arteries of deep femoral arteries
30
What is the main action of the semitendinosus and semimembranosus?
Extend thigh  Flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed  When knee and leg are flexed, can extend trunk
31
What does a hamstring strain refer to?
Excessive stretch or tearing of the muscle fibres
32
What is damage to the hamstring muscle fibres likely to do?
Rupture surrounding blood vessels, causing a haemotoma
33
What contains a haemotoma formed by hamstring strain?
The overlying fascia lata
34
When does an avulsion fracture occur?
When a fragment of bone breaks away from the main body of bone
35
What happens in an avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity?
The hamstring tendons ‘tear off’ a piece of the ischial tuberosity