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► Med Misc 25 > Gluteal Region > Flashcards

Gluteal Region Flashcards

1
Q

What is the gluteal region?

A

An anatomical area located posteriorly to the pelvic girdle, at the proximal end of the femur

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2
Q

What do the muscles in the gluteal region do?

A

Move the lower limb at the hip joint

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3
Q

How can the muscles of the gluteal region be divided?

A

Superficial abductors and extenders

Deep lateral rotators

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4
Q

What are the superficial abductors and extenders?

A

A group of large muscles that abduct and extend the femur

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5
Q

What muscles are considered superficial abductors and extenders?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimis
Tensor fascia lata

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6
Q

What are the deep lateral rotators?

A

A group of smaller muscles that mainly act to laterally rotate the femur

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7
Q

What muscles are considered to be the deep lateral rotators?

A 
Quadratus femoris
 Piriformis
 Gemellus superior
 Gemellus inferior
 Obturator internus
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8
Q

What do the superficial gluteal muscles act to do?

A

Mainly to abduct and extend the lower limb at the hip joint

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9
Q

What is the largest of the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus maximus

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10
Q

What does the gluteus maximus produce?

A

The shape of the buttocks

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11
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the gluteus maximus?

A

Ilium posterior to the posterior gluteal line
Dorsal surface of the sacrum coccyx
Sacrotuberuous ligament

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12
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gluteus maximus?

A

Most fibres end in the iliotibial tract, which inserts into the lateral condyle of the tibia
Some fibres insert on the gluteal tuberosity

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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14
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gluteus maximus?

A

Superior gluteal artery

Inferior gluteal artery

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15
Q

What is the main action of the gluteus maximus?

A

Extends the thigh, especially from flexed position, and assists in its lateral rotation
Steadies the thigh and assists in rising from the sitting position

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16
Q

What shape is the gluteus medius?

A

Fan shaped

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17
Q

Where does the gluteus medius lie?

A

Between the gluteus maximus and the minimus

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18
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the gluteus medius?

A

External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

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19
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gluteus medius?

A

Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

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21
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal artery

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22
Q

What assists the gluteus medius in its action?

A

The gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae

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23
Q

Where does the gluteus minimus lie?

A

Deep to the other superficial gluteal muscles

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24
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the gluteus minimus?

A

External surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

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25
Q

What is the distal attachment of the gluteus minimus?

A

The anterior surface of the greater trochanter of femur

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus minimus?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

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27
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gluteus minimus?

A

The superior gluteal artery

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28
Q

Where does the tensor fasciae latae lie?

A

Towards the anterior edge of the iliac crest

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29
Q

What does the tensor fasciae latae function to do?

A

Tighten the fascia lata

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30
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

Anterior part of the iliac crest

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31
Q

What is the distal attachment of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

Iliotibial tract, which attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia

32
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

33
Q

What is the arterial supply of the tensor fasciae latae?

A

Superior gluteal artery

34
Q

What is the main action of the gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fasciae latae?

A

Abduct and medially rotate the thigh
Keep pelvis level when ipsilateral limb is weight-bearing and advance opposite (unsupported) side during its swing phase

35
Q

Where do the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus have an important role?

A

In stabilising the pelvis during locomotion

36
Q

What innervates the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

The superior gluteal nerve

37
Q

When happens in the standing position when the conterolateral leg is raised?

A

The gluteus minimus and medius contract, preventing the pelvis from dropping to that side

38
Q

What happens if the superior gluteal nerve is damaged?

A

The gluteus minimus and medius are paralysed, and the pelvis becomes unsteady, giving Trendelenbergs sign

39
Q

When is the Trendelenberg sign produced?

A

When the patient is asked to stand unassisted on each leg in turn

40
Q

What will happen in a positive Trendelenberg sign?

A

Pelvic drop will occur on the unsupported leg

41
Q

How is pelvic drop recognised?

A

By looking for the level of the iliac crests on both sides

42
Q

Where are the deep gluteal muscles located?

A

Underneath the gluteus minimus

43
Q

What is the general action of the deep gluteal muscles?

A

To laterally rotate the limb

To stabilise the hip joint

44
Q

How do the deep gluteal muscles stabilise the hip joint?

A

By ‘pulling’ the femoral head into the acetabulum of the pelvis

45
Q

Which muscles are considered to be deep gluteal?

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris

46
Q

Where does the piriformis lie?

A

Most superior of the gluteal muscles

47
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the piriformis?

A

Anterior surface of sacrum

Sarcotuberous ligament

48
Q

What is the distal attachment of the piriformis?

A

Superior border of greater trochanter of the femur

49
Q

What is the innervation of the piriformis?

A

Branches of the anterior rami of S1, S2

50
Q

What is the arterial supply of the piriformis?

A

Superior gluteal artery
Inferior gluteal artery
Internal pudendal artery

51
Q

What does the piriformis work with for its main action?

A

The obturator internus and the superior and inferior gemelli

52
Q

What does the obturator internus form?

A

The lateral walls of the pelvic cavity

53
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the obturator internus?

A

The pelvic surface of the obturator membrane and surrounding bones

54
Q

What is the distal attachment of the obturator internus?

A

Medial surface of the greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of the femur

55
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator internus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

56
Q

What is the arterial supply to the obturator internus?

A

Obturator artery

57
Q

What are the gemelli?

A

Two narrow and triangular muscles

58
Q

What separates the superior and inferior gemelli?

A

The obturator internus tendon

59
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the superior gemelli?

A

Ischial spine

60
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the inferior gemelli?

A

Ischial tuberosity

61
Q

What is the distal attachment of the superior and inferior gemelli?

A

Medial surface of the greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa) of femur

62
Q

What is the innervation of the superior gemellus?

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

63
Q

What is the innervation of the inferior gemellus?

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

64
Q

What is the arterial supply of the superior and inferior gemelli?

A

Inferior gluteal artery

65
Q

What is the main action of the piriformis, obturator internus and superior and inferior gemelli?

A

Laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

Steady femoral head in acetabulum

66
Q

Where is the quadratus femoris?

A

The most inferior of the deep gluteal muscles, located below the gemelli and obturator internus

67
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

68
Q

What is the distal attachment of the quadratus femoris?

A

Quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of femur and area inferior to it

69
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?

A

Nerve to the quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

70
Q

What is the arterial supply of the quadratus femoris?

A

Inferior gluteal artery

71
Q

What is the main action of the quadratus femoris?

A

Laterally rotates thigh

Steadies femoral head in the acetabulum

72
Q

What is the anatomical landmark of the gluteal region?

A

The piriformis

73
Q

What happens as the piriformis travels through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

It effectively divides the gluteal region into an inferior and superior part

74
Q

What does the division of the piriformis determine?

A

The name of the nerves and vessels that supply that area

75
Q

What can the piriformis be used to locate?

A

The sciatic nerve

76
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve enter the gluteal region?

A

Directly inferior to the piriformis

► Med Misc 25 (69 decks)

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