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Muscles of the Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What can the muscles acting on the hand be divided into?

A

Two groups, extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

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2
Q

Where are the extrinsic hand muscles located?

A

In the anterior and posterior compartment of the forearm

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3
Q

What are the extrinsic hand muscles responsible for?

A

Control crude movements

Produce forceful grip

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4
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles of the hand located?

A

Within the hand itself

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5
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand responsible for?

A

Fine motor functions of the hand

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6
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A 
Adductor pollicis
 Interossei
 Thenar muscles
 Lumbricals
 Hypothenar muscles
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7
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Three short muscles, the oppens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis

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8
Q

Where are the thenar muscles located?

A

At the base of the thumb

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9
Q

What do the muscle bellies of the thenar muscles produce?

A

A bulge, known as the thenar eminence

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10
Q

What are the thenar muscles responsible for?

A

The fine movements of the thumb

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11
Q

What innervates the thenar muscles?

A

The median nerve

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12
Q

What is the largest of the thenar muscles?

A

Opponens Pollicis

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13
Q

Where does the oppenens pollicis lie?

A

Underneath the other two thenar muscles

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14
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the opponens pollicis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

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15
Q

What is the distal attachment of the opponens pollicis?

A

Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the opponens pollicis?

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8, T1)

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17
Q

What is the arterial supply of the opponens pollicis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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18
Q

What is the action of the opponens pollicis?

A

To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to centre or palm and rotates it medially

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19
Q

Where is the abductor pollicis brevis found?

A

Anteriorly to the opponens pollicis, and proximal to the flexor pollicis brevis

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20
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

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21
Q

What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Lateral side of the proximal phalanx of thumb

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of medial nerve (C8, T1)

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23
Q

What is the arterial supply of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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24
Q

What is the main action of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abducts thumb, helps oppose it

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25
Where is the flexor pollicis brevis found?
The most distal of the thenar muscles
26
What does the flexor pollicis brevis have?
Superficial head and deep head
27
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
28
What is the distal attachment of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
29
What is the innervation of the superficial head of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)
30
What is the innervation of the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
31
What is the arterial supply of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
32
What is the main action of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Flexes thumb
33
What do the hypothenar muscles produce?
The hypothenar eminence
34
What is the hypothenar eminence?
A muscular protrusion on the medial side of the palm, at the base of the little finger
35
What are the hypothenar muscles?
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis  Opponens digiti minimi
36
Where does the opponens digiti minimi lie?
Deep to the other hypothenar muscles
37
What is the proximal attachment of the oppenens digiti minimi?
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
38
What is the distal attachment of the opponens digiti minimi?
Medial border of 5th metacarpal
39
What is the innervation of the opponens digiti minimi?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
40
What is the arterial supply of the opponens digiti minimi?
Ulnar artery
41
What is the main action of the opponens digiti minimi?
Draws the 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb
42
Where does the abductor digiti minimi lie?
Most superficial of hypothenar muscles
43
What is the proximal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?
Pisiform
44
What is the distal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?
Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx
45
What is the innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
46
What is the arterial supply of the abductor digiti minimi?
Ulnar artery
47
What is the main action of the abductor digiti minimi?
Abducts 5th digit, assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx
48
Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis lie?
Laterally to the abductor digiti minimi
49
What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum
50
What is the distal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
51
What is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
52
What is the arterial supply of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Ulnar artery
53
What is the main action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
54
How many lumbricals are there in the hand?
Four, one associated with each finger
55
What do the lumbricals do?
Link the extensor tendons to the flexor tendons
56
What is denervation of the lumbricals the basis of?
The ulnar claw and hand of benediction
57
What is the proximal attachment of the 1st and 2nd lumbrical?
Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
58
What kind of muscles are the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?
Unipennate
59
What is the proximal attachment of the 3rd and 4th lumbrical?
Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
60
What kind of muscles are the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?
Bipennate
61
What is the distal attachment of the lumbricals?
Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-5th digits
62
What the the innervation of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?
Median nerve (C8, T1)
63
What is the innervation of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
64
What is the arterial supply of the lumbricals?
Superficial palmar arterial arch
65
What is the main action of the lumbricals?
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints  | Extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits
66
Where are the interossei muscles located?
Between the metacarpals
67
What can the interossei muscles be divided into?
Two groups, the dorsal and palmar interossei
68
How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?
4
69
What is the proximal attachment of the dorsal interossei?
Adjacent sides of two metacarpals
70
What kind of muscles are the dorsal interossei?
Bipennate
71
What is the distal attachment of the dorsal interossei?
Bases of proximal phalanges | Extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits
72
What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
73
What is the arterial supply of the dorsal interossei?
Palmar metacarpal arteries  | Dorsal metacarpal arteries
74
What is the main action of the dorsal interossei?
Abduct 2nd-4th digits from axial line  | Act with lumbricals in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints, and extending the interphalangeal joints
75
Where are the palmar interossei muscles located?
Anteriorly on the hand
76
How many palmar interossei are there?
3
77
What is the proximal attachment of the palmar interossei?
Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpal
78
What kind of muscles are the palmar interossei?
Unipennate
79
What are the distal attachment of the palmar interossei muscles?
Bases of proximal phalanges  | Extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th and 5th digits
80
What is the innervation of the palmar interossei?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
81
What is the arterial supply of the palmar interossei?
Palmar metacarpal arteries
82
What is the main action of the palmar interossei?
Adduct 2nd, 4th and 5th digits toward axial line  Assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints  Extensor expansions of 2nd-4th joints
83
What is the palmaris brevis?
A small, thin muscle
84
Where is the palmaris brevis found?
Very superficially in the subcutaneous tissue of the hypothenar eminence
85
What is the proximal attachment of the palmaris brevid/
Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
86
What is the distal attachment of the palmaris brevis?
The dermis of the skin on the medial margin of the hand
87
What is the innervation of the palmaris brevis?
Ulnar nerve
88
What are the actions of the palmaris brevis?
Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip
89
What shape is the adductor pollicis?
Large, triangular
90
What does the adductor pollicis have?
Two heads, oblique and transverse
91
How is the adductor pollicis involved in forming the deep palmar arch?
The radial artery passes anteriorly through the space between the two heads, forming the arch
92
What is the proximal attachment of the oblique head of the adductor pollicis?
Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals
93
What is the proximal attachment of the transverse head of the adductor pollicis?
Anterior surface of the shaft of the 3rd metacarpal
94
What is the distal attachment of the adductor pollicis?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
95
What is the innervation of the adductor pollicis?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
96
What is the arterial supply of the adductor pollicis?
Deep palmar arterial arch
97
What is the main action of the adductor pollicis?
Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

► Med Misc 25 (69 decks)

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