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► Med Misc 25 > Muscles of the Hand > Flashcards

Muscles of the Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What can the muscles acting on the hand be divided into?

A

Two groups, extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

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2
Q

Where are the extrinsic hand muscles located?

A

In the anterior and posterior compartment of the forearm

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3
Q

What are the extrinsic hand muscles responsible for?

A

Control crude movements

Produce forceful grip

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4
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles of the hand located?

A

Within the hand itself

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5
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand responsible for?

A

Fine motor functions of the hand

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6
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A 
Adductor pollicis
 Interossei
 Thenar muscles
 Lumbricals
 Hypothenar muscles
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7
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Three short muscles, the oppens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis

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8
Q

Where are the thenar muscles located?

A

At the base of the thumb

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9
Q

What do the muscle bellies of the thenar muscles produce?

A

A bulge, known as the thenar eminence

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10
Q

What are the thenar muscles responsible for?

A

The fine movements of the thumb

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11
Q

What innervates the thenar muscles?

A

The median nerve

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12
Q

What is the largest of the thenar muscles?

A

Opponens Pollicis

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13
Q

Where does the oppenens pollicis lie?

A

Underneath the other two thenar muscles

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14
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the opponens pollicis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

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15
Q

What is the distal attachment of the opponens pollicis?

A

Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

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16
Q

What is the innervation of the opponens pollicis?

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8, T1)

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17
Q

What is the arterial supply of the opponens pollicis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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18
Q

What is the action of the opponens pollicis?

A

To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to centre or palm and rotates it medially

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19
Q

Where is the abductor pollicis brevis found?

A

Anteriorly to the opponens pollicis, and proximal to the flexor pollicis brevis

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20
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

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21
Q

What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Lateral side of the proximal phalanx of thumb

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of medial nerve (C8, T1)

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23
Q

What is the arterial supply of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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24
Q

What is the main action of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abducts thumb, helps oppose it

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25
Q

Where is the flexor pollicis brevis found?

A

The most distal of the thenar muscles

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26
Q

What does theflexor pollicis brevis have?

A

Superficial head and deep head

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27
Q

What is the proximal attachment of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

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28
Q

What is the distal attachment of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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29
Q

What is the innervation of the superficial head of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the deep head of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

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31
Q

What is the arterial supply of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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32
Q

What is the main action of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexes thumb

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33
Q

What do the hypothenar muscles produce?

A

The hypothenar eminence

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34
Q

What is the hypothenar eminence?

A

A muscular protrusion on the medial side of the palm, at the base of the little finger

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35
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

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36
Q

Where does the opponens digiti minimi lie?

A

Deep to the other hypothenar muscles

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37
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the oppenens digiti minimi?

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

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38
Q

What is the distal attachment of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Medial border of 5th metacarpal

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39
Q

What is the innervation of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

40
Q

What is the arterial supply of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Ulnar artery

41
Q

What is the main action of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Draws the 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb

42
Q

Where does the abductor digiti minimi lie?

A

Most superficial of hypothenar muscles

43
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Pisiform

44
Q

What is the distal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx

45
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

46
Q

What is the arterial supply of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Ulnar artery

47
Q

What is the main action of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abducts 5th digit, assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx

48
Q

Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis lie?

A

Laterally to the abductor digiti minimi

49
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

50
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

51
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

52
Q

What is the arterial supply of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Ulnar artery

53
Q

What is the main action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

54
Q

How many lumbricals are there in the hand?

A

Four, one associated with each finger

55
Q

What do the lumbricals do?

A

Link the extensor tendons to the flexor tendons

56
Q

What is denervation of the lumbricals the basis of?

A

The ulnar claw and hand of benediction

57
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the 1st and 2nd lumbrical?

A

Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

58
Q

What kind of muscles are the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?

A

Unipennate

59
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the 3rd and 4th lumbrical?

A

Medial three tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

60
Q

What kind of muscles are the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?

A

Bipennate

61
Q

What is the distal attachment of the lumbricals?

A

Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd-5th digits

62
Q

What the the innervation of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

63
Q

What is the innervation of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

64
Q

What is the arterial supply of the lumbricals?

A

Superficial palmar arterial arch

65
Q

What is the main action of the lumbricals?

A

Flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits

66
Q

Where are the interossei muscles located?

A

Between the metacarpals

67
Q

What can the interossei muscles be divided into?

A

Two groups, the dorsal and palmar interossei

68
Q

How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?

A

4

69
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the dorsal interossei?

A

Adjacent sides of two metacarpals

70
Q

What kind of muscles are the dorsal interossei?

A

Bipennate

71
Q

What is the distal attachment of the dorsal interossei?

A

Bases of proximal phalanges

Extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits

72
Q

What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

73
Q

What is the arterial supply of the dorsal interossei?

A

Palmar metacarpal arteries

Dorsal metacarpal arteries

74
Q

What is the main action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduct 2nd-4th digits from axial line

Act with lumbricals in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints, and extending the interphalangeal joints

75
Q

Where are the palmar interossei muscles located?

A

Anteriorly on the hand

76
Q

How many palmar interossei are there?

A

3

77
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the palmar interossei?

A

Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpal

78
Q

What kind of muscles are the palmar interossei?

A

Unipennate

79
Q

What are the distal attachment of the palmar interossei muscles?

A

Bases of proximal phalanges

Extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th and 5th digits

80
Q

What is the innervation of the palmar interossei?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

81
Q

What is the arterial supply of the palmar interossei?

A

Palmar metacarpal arteries

82
Q

What is the main action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduct 2nd, 4th and 5th digits toward axial line
Assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints
Extensor expansions of 2nd-4th joints

83
Q

What is the palmaris brevis?

A

A small, thin muscle

84
Q

Where is the palmaris brevis found?

A

Very superficially in the subcutaneous tissue of the hypothenar eminence

85
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the palmaris brevid/

A

Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum

86
Q

What is the distal attachment of the palmaris brevis?

A

The dermis of the skin on the medial margin of the hand

87
Q

What is the innervation of the palmaris brevis?

A

Ulnar nerve

88
Q

What are the actions of the palmaris brevis?

A

Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip

89
Q

What shape is the adductor pollicis?

A

Large, triangular

90
Q

What does the adductor pollicis have?

A

Two heads, oblique and transverse

91
Q

How is the adductor pollicis involved in forming the deep palmar arch?

A

The radial artery passes anteriorly through the space between the two heads, forming the arch

92
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the oblique head of the adductor pollicis?

A

Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals

93
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the transverse head of the adductor pollicis?

A

Anterior surface of the shaft of the 3rd metacarpal

94
Q

What is the distal attachment of the adductor pollicis?

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

95
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor pollicis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

96
Q

What is the arterial supply of the adductor pollicis?

A

Deep palmar arterial arch

97
Q

What is the main action of the adductor pollicis?

A

Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

► Med Misc 25 (69 decks)

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