Posterior Thigh, Gluteal Region Flashcards
1
Q
gluteus muscles anterior to posterior
A
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
2
Q
muscles that steady the femoral head in acetabulum
A
the short external rotators of the hip (piriformis obturator internus superior gemellulus inferior gemellus quadratus femorus obturator externus)
3
Q
short external rotators of the hip
A
piriformis obturator internus superior gemellulus inferior gemellus quadratus femorus obturator externus
4
Q
action of all of the short external hip rotators
A
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
5
Q
muscle that is an extremely important surgical landmark in femur fracture repairs
A
piriformis
6
Q
all deep nerves of the gluteal region pass inferior to piriformis except:
A
superior gluteal nerve (passes superiorly)
7
Q
nerve that supplies the gluteus medius and minimus
A
superior gluteal nerve
8
Q
separates buttocks from each other
A
natal cleft
9
Q
groove that marks the lower limit of buttock and upper limit of thigh
A
gluteal sulcus
10
Q
connects ischial tuberosity to sacrum
A
sacrotuberous ligament
11
Q
passageway for structures entering and leaving the pelvis (like the sciatic nerve)
A
sacrotuberous ligament
12
Q
connects sacrum and ischial spine
A
sacrospinous ligament
13
Q
converts greater sciatic notch into greater sciatic foramen
A
sacrotuberous ligament
14
Q
converts lesser sciatic notch to lesser sciatic foramen
A
sacrospinous ligament
15
Q
passageway for structures entering and leaving perineum
A
sacrospinous ligament
16
Q
innervates gluteus maximus
A
inferior gluteal nerve
17
Q
innervates gluteus medius
A
superior gluteal nerve
18
Q
innervates gluteus minimus
A
superior gluteal nerve
19
Q
innervates the piriformis
A
branches of ventral rami of S1, S2
20
Q
action of gluteus maximus
A
extend thigh (especially from flexed position) assist in external rotation of thigh steady thigh, assist in rising from sitting position
21
Q
action of gluteus medius
A
abduct and internally rotate thigh
22
Q
action of gluteus minimus
A
abduct and internally rotate thigh
23
Q
action of piriformis
A
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
24
Q
innervates the obturator internus
A
nerve to obturator internus
25
attachments of obturator internus
obturator membrane & greater trochanter
26
superior gemellus innervation
nerve to obturator internus
27
action of superior gemellus
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
28
muscles that steady femoral head in acetabulum
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superior gemellus
obturator internus
piriformis
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
obterator externus
```
29
action of inferior gemellus
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
30
action of quadratus femoris
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
31
innervates quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
32
action of obturator externus
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
33
innervates obturator externus
obturator nerve
34
supply skin over gluteal region as far as the greater trochanter
superior cluneal nerves
35
supply skin and subcutaneous tissue over sacrum and adjacent area of buttock
middle cluneal nerves
36
muscles that make up the hamstrings
adductor magnus (hamstrings part)
biceps femoris (short and long heads)
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
37
only hamstring muscle that doesn't cross the hip joint
biceps femoris short head
38
attachments of gluteus maximus
proximal: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
distal: most fibers end in iliotibial tract that inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some insert on gluteal tuberosity
39
innervation of gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
40
action of gluteus maximus
extend thigh & assist in lateral rotation
steady thigh
assist in rising from sitting position
also helps stabilize knee d/t attachment on ITB
41
attachments of gluteus medius
proximal: ilium
distal: greater trochanter
42
innervation of gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
43
action of gluteus medius
abduct and medially rotate thigh
| keep pelvis level when opposite leg raised
44
attachments of piriformis
proximal: sacrum
distal: greater trochanter
45
innervation of piriformis
branches of ventral rami of S1, S2
46
action of piriformis
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
47
attachments of obturator internus
proximal: pelvic surface of obturator membrane
distal: greater trochanter
48
innervation of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
49
actions of obturator internus
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
50
attachments of superior gemellus
proximal: ischial spine
distal: greater trochanter (blends with obturator internus)
51
innervation of superior gemellus
nerve to obturator internus
52
actions of superior gemellus
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct extended thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
53
attachments of inferior gemellus
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: greater trochanter (blends with obturator internus)
54
innervation of inferior gemellus
nerve to quadratus femoris
55
action of inferior gemellus
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
56
attachments of quadratus femoris
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: quadrate tubercle (femur)
57
innervation of quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
58
action of quadratus femoris
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
59
where do the superior and inferior gluteal nerves leave the pelvis
through greater sciatic foramen
60
does the sciatic nerve itself supply any muscles in gluteal region?
no - superior and inferior gluteal nerves do
61
supplies more skin than any other cutaneous nerve
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
62
what muscles does the nerve to obturator innervate
superior gemellus
| obturator internus
63
what muscles are innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris
inferior gemellus
| quadratus femoris
64
what nerve supplies most superficial sensory innervation in perineum
pudendal nerve
65
largest branch of internal iliac artery
superior gluteal artery
66
artery that the inferior gluteal artery branches off of
internal iliac artery
67
attachments of the biceps femoris long head
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: fibula
68
innervation of biceps femoris long head
tibial division of sciatic nerve
69
actions of biceps femoris long head
flex leg
laterally rotate leg when knee flexed
extend thigh at hip
70
attachments of the biceps femoris short head
proximal: linear aspera
distal: fibula
71
innervation of biceps femoris short head
common fibular division of sciatic nerve
72
action of biceps femoris short head
flex leg
| rotate leg laterally
73
attachments of semitendinosus
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: tibia
74
innervation of semitendinosus
tibial division of sciatic nerve
75
action of semitendinosus
extend thigh
flex leg
rotate leg medially with knee flexed
76
attachments of semimembranosus
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: medial tibial condyle
77
innervation of semimembranosus
tibial division of sciatic nerve
78
actions of semimembranosus
extend thigh
| flex leg and rotate medially when knee flexed
79
attachments of adductor magnus - adductor part
proximal: pubis, ischium
distal: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
80
innervation of adductor magnus - adductor part
obturator nerve, posterior division
81
action of adductor magnus
adduct thigh
82
action of adductor magnus - adductor part
flex thigh
83
attachments of adductor magnus - hamstrings part
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: adductor tubercle of femur
84
innervation of adductor magnus - hamstrings part
tibial part of sciatic nerve
85
action of adductor magnus - hamstrings part
extend thigh
86
largest branch of femoral artery
profunda femoris artery (deep femoral artery)
87
branches of deep femoral artery that supply thigh muscles and proximal femur
circumflex femoral arteries
88
contents of the popliteal fossa
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial and common fibular nerves
small saphenous vein
popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves
89
after the femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus, it becomes:
popliteal artery
90
where does the popliteal vein become the femoral vein
at the adductor hiatus
91
nerve commonly injured due to its close proximity to fibular head and neck
common fibular (peroneal) nerve
92
attachments of the popliteus
proximall: lateral condyle of femur
distal: tibia
93
innervation of popliteus
tibial nerve
94
actions of popliteus
weakly flex knee
95
attachments of plantaris
proximal: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
distal: tendo calcaneus
96
innervation of the plantaris
tibial nerve
97
action of plantaris
plantar flex foot
| flex knee
98
attachments of the gastrocnemius
proximal: lateral head - lateral condyle of femur
medial head - femur above medial condyle
distal: tendo calcaneus
99
innervation of gastrocnemius
tibial nerve
100
actions of gastrocnemius
plantarflex foot
| flex knee
101
only hamstring muscle that doesn't cross the knee
adductor magnus (hamstring part)
