Posterior Thigh, Gluteal Region Flashcards
gluteus muscles anterior to posterior
gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
muscles that steady the femoral head in acetabulum
the short external rotators of the hip (piriformis obturator internus superior gemellulus inferior gemellus quadratus femorus obturator externus)
short external rotators of the hip
piriformis obturator internus superior gemellulus inferior gemellus quadratus femorus obturator externus
action of all of the short external hip rotators
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
muscle that is an extremely important surgical landmark in femur fracture repairs
piriformis
all deep nerves of the gluteal region pass inferior to piriformis except:
superior gluteal nerve (passes superiorly)
nerve that supplies the gluteus medius and minimus
superior gluteal nerve
separates buttocks from each other
natal cleft
groove that marks the lower limit of buttock and upper limit of thigh
gluteal sulcus
connects ischial tuberosity to sacrum
sacrotuberous ligament
passageway for structures entering and leaving the pelvis (like the sciatic nerve)
sacrotuberous ligament
connects sacrum and ischial spine
sacrospinous ligament
converts greater sciatic notch into greater sciatic foramen
sacrotuberous ligament
converts lesser sciatic notch to lesser sciatic foramen
sacrospinous ligament
passageway for structures entering and leaving perineum
sacrospinous ligament
innervates gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
innervates gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
innervates gluteus minimus
superior gluteal nerve
innervates the piriformis
branches of ventral rami of S1, S2
action of gluteus maximus
extend thigh (especially from flexed position) assist in external rotation of thigh steady thigh, assist in rising from sitting position
action of gluteus medius
abduct and internally rotate thigh
action of gluteus minimus
abduct and internally rotate thigh
action of piriformis
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
innervates the obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
attachments of obturator internus
obturator membrane & greater trochanter
superior gemellus innervation
nerve to obturator internus
action of superior gemellus
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
muscles that steady femoral head in acetabulum
superior gemellus obturator internus piriformis inferior gemellus quadratus femoris obterator externus
action of inferior gemellus
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
action of quadratus femoris
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
innervates quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
action of obturator externus
externally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
innervates obturator externus
obturator nerve
supply skin over gluteal region as far as the greater trochanter
superior cluneal nerves
supply skin and subcutaneous tissue over sacrum and adjacent area of buttock
middle cluneal nerves
muscles that make up the hamstrings
adductor magnus (hamstrings part)
biceps femoris (short and long heads)
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
only hamstring muscle that doesn’t cross the hip joint
biceps femoris short head
attachments of gluteus maximus
proximal: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
distal: most fibers end in iliotibial tract that inserts into lateral condyle of tibia; some insert on gluteal tuberosity
innervation of gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
action of gluteus maximus
extend thigh & assist in lateral rotation
steady thigh
assist in rising from sitting position
also helps stabilize knee d/t attachment on ITB
attachments of gluteus medius
proximal: ilium
distal: greater trochanter
innervation of gluteus medius
superior gluteal nerve
action of gluteus medius
abduct and medially rotate thigh
keep pelvis level when opposite leg raised
attachments of piriformis
proximal: sacrum
distal: greater trochanter
innervation of piriformis
branches of ventral rami of S1, S2
action of piriformis
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
attachments of obturator internus
proximal: pelvic surface of obturator membrane
distal: greater trochanter
innervation of obturator internus
nerve to obturator internus
actions of obturator internus
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
attachments of superior gemellus
proximal: ischial spine
distal: greater trochanter (blends with obturator internus)
innervation of superior gemellus
nerve to obturator internus
actions of superior gemellus
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct extended thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
attachments of inferior gemellus
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: greater trochanter (blends with obturator internus)
innervation of inferior gemellus
nerve to quadratus femoris
action of inferior gemellus
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
attachments of quadratus femoris
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: quadrate tubercle (femur)
innervation of quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
action of quadratus femoris
laterally rotate extended thigh
abduct flexed thigh
steady femoral head in acetabulum
where do the superior and inferior gluteal nerves leave the pelvis
through greater sciatic foramen
does the sciatic nerve itself supply any muscles in gluteal region?
no - superior and inferior gluteal nerves do
supplies more skin than any other cutaneous nerve
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
what muscles does the nerve to obturator innervate
superior gemellus
obturator internus
what muscles are innervated by the nerve to quadratus femoris
inferior gemellus
quadratus femoris
what nerve supplies most superficial sensory innervation in perineum
pudendal nerve
largest branch of internal iliac artery
superior gluteal artery
artery that the inferior gluteal artery branches off of
internal iliac artery
attachments of the biceps femoris long head
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: fibula
innervation of biceps femoris long head
tibial division of sciatic nerve
actions of biceps femoris long head
flex leg
laterally rotate leg when knee flexed
extend thigh at hip
attachments of the biceps femoris short head
proximal: linear aspera
distal: fibula
innervation of biceps femoris short head
common fibular division of sciatic nerve
action of biceps femoris short head
flex leg
rotate leg laterally
attachments of semitendinosus
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: tibia
innervation of semitendinosus
tibial division of sciatic nerve
action of semitendinosus
extend thigh
flex leg
rotate leg medially with knee flexed
attachments of semimembranosus
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: medial tibial condyle
innervation of semimembranosus
tibial division of sciatic nerve
actions of semimembranosus
extend thigh
flex leg and rotate medially when knee flexed
attachments of adductor magnus - adductor part
proximal: pubis, ischium
distal: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, medial supracondylar line
innervation of adductor magnus - adductor part
obturator nerve, posterior division
action of adductor magnus
adduct thigh
action of adductor magnus - adductor part
flex thigh
attachments of adductor magnus - hamstrings part
proximal: ischial tuberosity
distal: adductor tubercle of femur
innervation of adductor magnus - hamstrings part
tibial part of sciatic nerve
action of adductor magnus - hamstrings part
extend thigh
largest branch of femoral artery
profunda femoris artery (deep femoral artery)
branches of deep femoral artery that supply thigh muscles and proximal femur
circumflex femoral arteries
contents of the popliteal fossa
popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial and common fibular nerves
small saphenous vein
popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves
after the femoral artery passes through the adductor hiatus, it becomes:
popliteal artery
where does the popliteal vein become the femoral vein
at the adductor hiatus
nerve commonly injured due to its close proximity to fibular head and neck
common fibular (peroneal) nerve
attachments of the popliteus
proximall: lateral condyle of femur
distal: tibia
innervation of popliteus
tibial nerve
actions of popliteus
weakly flex knee
attachments of plantaris
proximal: lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
distal: tendo calcaneus
innervation of the plantaris
tibial nerve
action of plantaris
plantar flex foot
flex knee
attachments of the gastrocnemius
proximal: lateral head - lateral condyle of femur
medial head - femur above medial condyle
distal: tendo calcaneus
innervation of gastrocnemius
tibial nerve
actions of gastrocnemius
plantarflex foot
flex knee
only hamstring muscle that doesn’t cross the knee
adductor magnus (hamstring part)
