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Anatomy > Lower Extremity Joints > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Joints Flashcards

1
Q

which bones are involved in the knee joint

A

femur
tibia
patella

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2
Q

name the two articulation of the knee joint

A

femorotibial and patellofemoral

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3
Q

what are the two separate joint surfaces of the femorotibial

A

medial and lateral

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4
Q

what kind of joint is the femorotibial

A

modified hinge (type of synovial joint)

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5
Q

what kind of joint is the patellofemoral joint

A

plane type of synovial joint

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6
Q

what is the weight bearing axis of the knee joint

A

passes through center of femoral head, through middle of knee, to middle of ankle

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7
Q

what is genu varum

A

bow leg

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8
Q

what is genu valgum

A

knock knee

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9
Q

what are the motions of the knee joint

A

flexion/extension

medial and lateral rotation

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10
Q

when does knee rotation not occur

A

when knee is extended

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11
Q

how many ligaments contribute to knee stability

A

7

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12
Q

what do tears of MCL often also tear

A

medial meniscus

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13
Q

the MCL is what kind of collateral ligament

A

tibial

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14
Q

the LCL is what kind collateral ligament

A

fibular

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15
Q

what are the functions of the ACL

A
  • Resists anterior translation of Tibia on Femur
  • Resists Hyperextension of Knee
  • Stabilizes Knee during Rotation
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16
Q

which ligament is stronger and thicker than ACL

A

PCL

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17
Q

what is the function of the PCL

A

Resists posterior translation of Tibia on Femur

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18
Q

what is the function of the APL (arcuate popliteal ligament)

A

stabilizes posterior capsule

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19
Q

what is the function of the OPL (oblique popliteal ligament)

A

stabilizes posterior capsule

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20
Q

the tibiomeniscal ligaments include what ligaments?

A

coronary ligaments

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21
Q

what is the function of the tibiomeniscal ligaments

A

attach menisci to tibia

22
Q

what ligaments tighten when the knee is locked

A

collateral and portions of the cruciate ligaments

23
Q

the combined efforts of ___________ and ____________ provide stability of the knee

A

ligamentous structures and muscle activity

24
Q

what kind of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

planar type of synovial joint

25
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

26
Q

what ligaments strengthen the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

27
Q

what is the posterior band of the proximal tibiofibular ligament covered by

A

popliteus tendon

28
Q

describe the movement that occurs when proximal tibiofibular joint is in use

A

slight movement occurs during dorsiflexion/plantarflexion of ankle and pronation/supination of subtalar joint

29
Q

what fibrous joint is essential for ankle joint stability

A

distal tibiofibular joint

30
Q

what are the articular surfaces for the distal tibiofibular joint

A

medial surface of inferior end of fibula and facet on inferior end of tibia

31
Q

a high ankle sprain stretches/tears ____________

A

syndesmosis

32
Q

a “regular” ankle sprain is a stretch/tear of ________

A

anterior talofibular ligament (most common)
calcaneofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament

33
Q

what kind of joint is the ankle

A

hinger joint

34
Q

most of the stability of the ankle is due to __________

A

bony architecture

35
Q

what motion does the ankle joint allow

A

allows dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

36
Q

what does the deltoid ligament of ankle resist

A

valgus (medial) angulation

37
Q

what is the function of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle

A

generally opposes inversion of ankle

38
Q

which of the 3 lateral collateral group of ligaments is most commonly sprained

A

anterior talofibular

39
Q

which joint is more stable in extreme dorsiflexion due to wedging of talus between the medial and lateral malleoli

A

talocrural joint

40
Q

what kind of joint is the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

A

plane synovial joint

41
Q

what are the articular surfaces of the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

A

talus and calcaneus

42
Q

what movement is allowed by the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

A
  • Triplane movement in foot/ankle (non-weight bearing)
  • Supination = Inversion + Adduction + Plantarflexion
  • Pronation = Eversion + Abduction + Dorsiflexion
43
Q

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is what kind of joint

A

condyloid type of synovial joints

44
Q

what motion does MTP joint allow

A

flexion/extension, some abduction/adduction, circumduction

45
Q

what kind of joint are the interphalangeal joints (IP, PIP, DIP)

A

hinge type of synovial joints

46
Q

what motion do the interphalangeal joints allow

A

flexion/extension

47
Q

what is the degree of alignment of the knee joint for women vs men

A

women - 7 degrees

men - 9 degrees

48
Q

what are the 4 main (out of 7 total) ligaments of the knee

A

MCL (medial collateral ligament)
LCL (lateral collateral ligament)
ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)

49
Q

what portion of knee is attached to medial meniscus

A

deep portion of MCL

50
Q

when is the ACL taut

A

when knee is extended

51
Q

when is the ACL flexed

A

when the knee is flexed

Anatomy (9 decks)

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