Lower Extremity Joints Flashcards by Brooke Harris

which bones are involved in the knee joint

femur
tibia
patella

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name the two articulation of the knee joint

femorotibial and patellofemoral

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what are the two separate joint surfaces of the femorotibial

medial and lateral

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what kind of joint is the femorotibial

modified hinge (type of synovial joint)

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what kind of joint is the patellofemoral joint

plane type of synovial joint

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what is the weight bearing axis of the knee joint

passes through center of femoral head, through middle of knee, to middle of ankle

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what is genu varum

bow leg

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what is genu valgum

knock knee

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what are the motions of the knee joint

flexion/extension

medial and lateral rotation

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when does knee rotation not occur

when knee is extended

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how many ligaments contribute to knee stability

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what do tears of MCL often also tear

medial meniscus

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the MCL is what kind of collateral ligament

tibial

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the LCL is what kind collateral ligament

fibular

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what are the functions of the ACL

Resists anterior translation of Tibia on Femur
Resists Hyperextension of Knee
Stabilizes Knee during Rotation

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which ligament is stronger and thicker than ACL

PCL

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what is the function of the PCL

Resists posterior translation of Tibia on Femur

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what is the function of the APL (arcuate popliteal ligament)

stabilizes posterior capsule

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what is the function of the OPL (oblique popliteal ligament)

stabilizes posterior capsule

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the tibiomeniscal ligaments include what ligaments?

coronary ligaments

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what is the function of the tibiomeniscal ligaments

attach menisci to tibia

what ligaments tighten when the knee is locked

collateral and portions of the cruciate ligaments

the combined efforts of ___________ and ____________ provide stability of the knee

ligamentous structures and muscle activity

what kind of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint

planar type of synovial joint

what are the articular surfaces of the proximal tibiofibular joint

head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

what ligaments strengthen the proximal tibiofibular joint

anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

what is the posterior band of the proximal tibiofibular ligament covered by

popliteus tendon

describe the movement that occurs when proximal tibiofibular joint is in use

slight movement occurs during dorsiflexion/plantarflexion of ankle and pronation/supination of subtalar joint

what fibrous joint is essential for ankle joint stability

distal tibiofibular joint

what are the articular surfaces for the distal tibiofibular joint

medial surface of inferior end of fibula and facet on inferior end of tibia

a high ankle sprain stretches/tears ____________

syndesmosis

a "regular" ankle sprain is a stretch/tear of ________

anterior talofibular ligament (most common) calcaneofibular ligament posterior talofibular ligament

what kind of joint is the ankle

hinger joint

most of the stability of the ankle is due to __________

bony architecture

what motion does the ankle joint allow

allows dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

what does the deltoid ligament of ankle resist

valgus (medial) angulation

what is the function of the lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle

generally opposes inversion of ankle

which of the 3 lateral collateral group of ligaments is most commonly sprained

anterior talofibular

which joint is more stable in extreme dorsiflexion due to wedging of talus between the medial and lateral malleoli

talocrural joint

what kind of joint is the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

plane synovial joint

what are the articular surfaces of the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

talus and calcaneus

what movement is allowed by the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

- Triplane movement in foot/ankle (non-weight bearing) - Supination = Inversion + Adduction + Plantarflexion - Pronation = Eversion + Abduction + Dorsiflexion

Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is what kind of joint

condyloid type of synovial joints

what motion does MTP joint allow

flexion/extension, some abduction/adduction, circumduction

what kind of joint are the interphalangeal joints (IP, PIP, DIP)

hinge type of synovial joints

what motion do the interphalangeal joints allow

flexion/extension

what is the degree of alignment of the knee joint for women vs men

women - 7 degrees | men - 9 degrees

what are the 4 main (out of 7 total) ligaments of the knee

MCL (medial collateral ligament) LCL (lateral collateral ligament) ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)

what portion of knee is attached to medial meniscus

deep portion of MCL

when is the ACL taut

when knee is extended

when is the ACL flexed

when the knee is flexed