Leg Flashcards
what is the main weight-bearing bone of the leg
tibia
what connects the knee to the ankle
leg
what are the 4 compartments of the leg
anterior
lateral
superficial posterior
deep posterior
what motions is the anterior compartment responsible for
ankle dorsiflexion, subtler inversion, subtler eversion, toe extension
what motions in the lateral compartment responsible for
subtalar eversion, weak ankle plantar flexion
what motions is the superficial posterior compartment responsible for
ankle plantarflexion
what motions is the deep posterior compartment for
subtalar inversion, toe flexion
what 4 muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg
anterior tibialis
entensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
peroneus tertius
what artery and nerve run in the anterior compartment
anterior tibial artery deep perineal (fibular) nerve
what 2 muscles make up the lateral compartment
peroneus (fibularis) longus
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
what artery and nerve run in the lateral compartment
branches of perineal (fibular) artery superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
what is action of tibialis anterior
dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot
what is action of extensor digitorum longus
extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle
what is action of extensor hallucis longus
extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle
what is the peroneus (fibularis) tertius
dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot
what does the anterior tibial artery branch off of
popliteal artery
what does the deep perineal (fibular) and superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve arise from
at neck of fibular from the common peroneal (fibular) nerve
what is the action of the peroneus (fibularis) longus
everts foot and plantar flexes 1st ray; weakly plantar flexes ankle
what is the action of the peroneus (fibularis) brevis
everts foot, weakly plantar flexes ankle
what muscles make up the superficial posterior compartment
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
Is there an artery or nerve in the superficial posterior compartment
NO - Perforating vessels from Posterior Tibial Artery supplies muscles; Muscles supplied by Tibial Nerve
what is the action of the gastrocnemius
plantaflexes ankle with knee extended, raises heel during walking and flexes leg at knee joint
what nerve supplies the muscles in the superficial posterior compartment
tibial nerve
what is the action of the soleus
plantar flexes ankle independent of knee position and steadies leg on foot
what is the action of the plantaris
weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantar flexing ankle and flexing the knee
what 4 muscles make up the deep posterior compartment
Popliteus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus
What arteries and nerves run in the deep posterior compartment
Posterior Tibial Artery
Peroneal (Fibular) Artery also runs through this compartment, but primarily supplies the muscles of the Lateral Compartment
Tibial Nerve
what is the action of the popilteus
Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it; in NWB it medially rotates tibia on femur; in WB it laterally rotates femur on tibia
what is action of the tibialis posterior
plantarflexes ankle and inverts (supinates) midfoot
what is the action of the flexor digitorum longus
flexes lateral four digits and plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot
what is the action of the flexor hallucis longus
flexes great toe at all joints and weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arches of foot
what does the fibular artery branch from
posterior tibial artery
where does the sural nerve branch off of and where does it supply sensation
The medial sural cutaneous branch from the Tibial Nerve usually unites with the communicating branch of Common Peroneal Nerve
Supplies sensation to posterolateral leg and lateral foot
what is the function of the superior extensor retinacula
Functions to prevent bowstringing of tendons in anterior compartment
what is the function of the inferior extensor retinacula
Forms a strong loop around fibularis tertius and EDL tendons
Also provides bowing restraint to TA and EHL over the anterior/medial surface
what is the function of the superior fibular retinacula
Binds the peroneus longus and brevis tendons to lateral malleolus
Attaches from tip of lateral malleolus to calcaneus
what is the function of the inferior fibular retinacula
Binds peoneus longus and brevis to lateral calcaneus
List the muscles included in the mnemonic Tom, Dick, ANd Harry
Posterior to medial malleolus, from anterior to posterior: TIBIALIS Posterior Flexor DIGITORUM Longus Posterior Tibial ARTERY Tibial NERVE Flexor HALLUCIS Longus
which nerve has no direct motor innervation?
common perineal (fibular) nerve
What does the tibial nerve branch from and supply
Branch of Sciatic Nerve
Supplies motor posterior muscles of leg knee joint
Sensation to knee joint
What does the common peroneal (fibular) nerve branch from and supply
Branch of Sciatic Nerve
No direct motor innervation
Cutaneous branches supply sensation lateral skin at knee and proximal aspect of leg
Sensation to knee joint
What does the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve branch from and supply
Branch of Common Peroneal Nerve
Motor to anterior muscles of leg dorsum of foot
Sensory to skin of interdigital cleft on dorsum of foot-toes 1 and 2
Sensation to ankle joint
What does the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve branch from and supply
Branch of Common Peroneal Nerve
Motor to Peroneus Longus and Brevis
Supplies sensation to skin of distal third of anterior leg and dorsum of foot
what does the saphenous nerve branch off of and supply
Branch of Femoral Nerve
Supplies sensation to skin of the anterior and medial side of the leg and the medial side of the foot
what does the sural nerve branch off of and supply
Branch from Tibial Nerve (medial sural cutaneous branch)
Branch from Common Peroneal Nerve (communicating branch)
Usually merge to form Sural Nerve
Supplies sensation to skin of posterolateral leg and lateral foot
what does the lateral sural cutaneous nerve branch off of and supply
Branch of Common Peroneal Nerve
Supplies skin on posterolateral leg
which leg muscle plantarflexes the ankle independent of knee position
soleus
