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Anatomy > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main weight-bearing bone of the leg

A

tibia

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2
Q

what connects the knee to the ankle

A

leg

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3
Q

what are the 4 compartments of the leg

A

anterior
lateral
superficial posterior
deep posterior

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4
Q

what motions is the anterior compartment responsible for

A

ankle dorsiflexion, subtler inversion, subtler eversion, toe extension

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5
Q

what motions in the lateral compartment responsible for

A

subtalar eversion, weak ankle plantar flexion

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6
Q

what motions is the superficial posterior compartment responsible for

A

ankle plantarflexion

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7
Q

what motions is the deep posterior compartment for

A

subtalar inversion, toe flexion

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8
Q

what 4 muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg

A

anterior tibialis
entensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
peroneus tertius

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9
Q

what artery and nerve run in the anterior compartment

A 
anterior tibial artery
deep perineal (fibular) nerve
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10
Q

what 2 muscles make up the lateral compartment

A

peroneus (fibularis) longus

peroneus (fibularis) brevis

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11
Q

what artery and nerve run in the lateral compartment

A 
branches of perineal (fibular) artery
superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve
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12
Q

what is action of tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

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13
Q

what is action of extensor digitorum longus

A

extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexes ankle

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14
Q

what is action of extensor hallucis longus

A

extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

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15
Q

what is the peroneus (fibularis) tertius

A

dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot

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16
Q

what does the anterior tibial artery branch off of

A

popliteal artery

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17
Q

what does the deep perineal (fibular) and superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve arise from

A

at neck of fibular from the common peroneal (fibular) nerve

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18
Q

what is the action of the peroneus (fibularis) longus

A

everts foot and plantar flexes 1st ray; weakly plantar flexes ankle

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19
Q

what is the action of the peroneus (fibularis) brevis

A

everts foot, weakly plantar flexes ankle

20
Q

what muscles make up the superficial posterior compartment

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

21
Q

Is there an artery or nerve in the superficial posterior compartment

A

NO - Perforating vessels from Posterior Tibial Artery supplies muscles; Muscles supplied by Tibial Nerve

22
Q

what is the action of the gastrocnemius

A

plantaflexes ankle with knee extended, raises heel during walking and flexes leg at knee joint

23
Q

what nerve supplies the muscles in the superficial posterior compartment

A

tibial nerve

24
Q

what is the action of the soleus

A

plantar flexes ankle independent of knee position and steadies leg on foot

25
Q

what is the action of the plantaris

A

weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantar flexing ankle and flexing the knee

26
Q

what 4 muscles make up the deep posterior compartment

A

Popliteus
Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallucis Longus

27
Q

What arteries and nerves run in the deep posterior compartment

A

Posterior Tibial Artery
Peroneal (Fibular) Artery also runs through this compartment, but primarily supplies the muscles of the Lateral Compartment

Tibial Nerve

28
Q

what is the action of the popilteus

A

Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it; in NWB it medially rotates tibia on femur; in WB it laterally rotates femur on tibia

29
Q

what is action of the tibialis posterior

A

plantarflexes ankle and inverts (supinates) midfoot

30
Q

what is the action of the flexor digitorum longus

A

flexes lateral four digits and plantarflexes ankle; supports longitudinal arches of foot

31
Q

what is the action of the flexor hallucis longus

A

flexes great toe at all joints and weakly plantarflexes ankle; supports medial longitudinal arches of foot

32
Q

what does the fibular artery branch from

A

posterior tibial artery

33
Q

where does the sural nerve branch off of and where does it supply sensation

A

The medial sural cutaneous branch from the Tibial Nerve usually unites with the communicating branch of Common Peroneal Nerve
Supplies sensation to posterolateral leg and lateral foot

34
Q

what is the function of the superior extensor retinacula

A

Functions to prevent bowstringing of tendons in anterior compartment

35
Q

what is the function of the inferior extensor retinacula

A

Forms a strong loop around fibularis tertius and EDL tendons

Also provides bowing restraint to TA and EHL over the anterior/medial surface

36
Q

what is the function of the superior fibular retinacula

A

Binds the peroneus longus and brevis tendons to lateral malleolus

Attaches from tip of lateral malleolus to calcaneus

37
Q

what is the function of the inferior fibular retinacula

A

Binds peoneus longus and brevis to lateral calcaneus

38
Q

List the muscles included in the mnemonic Tom, Dick, ANd Harry

A 
Posterior to medial malleolus, from anterior to posterior:
TIBIALIS Posterior
Flexor DIGITORUM Longus
Posterior Tibial ARTERY
Tibial NERVE
Flexor HALLUCIS Longus
39
Q

which nerve has no direct motor innervation?

A

common perineal (fibular) nerve

40
Q

What does the tibial nerve branch from and supply

A

Branch of Sciatic Nerve

Supplies motor posterior muscles of leg knee joint
Sensation to knee joint

41
Q

What does the common peroneal (fibular) nerve branch from and supply

A

Branch of Sciatic Nerve

No direct motor innervation
Cutaneous branches supply sensation lateral skin at knee and proximal aspect of leg
Sensation to knee joint

42
Q

What does the deep peroneal (fibular) nerve branch from and supply

A

Branch of Common Peroneal Nerve

Motor to anterior muscles of leg dorsum of foot
Sensory to skin of interdigital cleft on dorsum of foot-toes 1 and 2
Sensation to ankle joint

43
Q

What does the superficial peroneal (fibular) nerve branch from and supply

A

Branch of Common Peroneal Nerve

Motor to Peroneus Longus and Brevis
Supplies sensation to skin of distal third of anterior leg and dorsum of foot

44
Q

what does the saphenous nerve branch off of and supply

A

Branch of Femoral Nerve

Supplies sensation to skin of the anterior and medial side of the leg and the medial side of the foot

45
Q

what does the sural nerve branch off of and supply

A

Branch from Tibial Nerve (medial sural cutaneous branch)
Branch from Common Peroneal Nerve (communicating branch)
Usually merge to form Sural Nerve

Supplies sensation to skin of posterolateral leg and lateral foot

46
Q

what does the lateral sural cutaneous nerve branch off of and supply

A

Branch of Common Peroneal Nerve

Supplies skin on posterolateral leg

47
Q

which leg muscle plantarflexes the ankle independent of knee position

A

soleus

Anatomy (9 decks)

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