Posterior Pituitary

Question 1

What cells is the posterior pituitary mostly made up of?What 2 hormones are stored and released their?

Answer 1

Pituicytes.

releases ADH and Oxytocin, which was made in hypothalamus.

Question 2

What does ADH activate? What are its 2 main effects?

Answer 2

-Activates cAMP and IP3/Ca2+

1. Water re-absorption in kidneys (cAMP)
2. Contraction of vascular smooth muscle (IP3/Ca2+)

Question 3

What can happen with hyposecretion of ADH?

Answer 3

• Diabetes insipidus.

- Lack of ADH, urinate a lot. Very thirsty.

Question 4

What can happen with Hypersecretion of ADH?

Answer 4

• SIADH.

- Excess of ADH.

Question 5

Where is oxytocin primary produced? What is it’s action?

Answer 5

Produced in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus.

1. Contraction of uterus
2. Ejection of milk
3. Ejaculation in men

Question 6

What can control the release of oxytocin?

Answer 6

• Suckling
• Stimuli from baby
• Distension of uterus/stretching of cervix during birth

Question 7

What does the pineal gland produce? What does it do?

Answer 7

Produces melatonin, which helps relax you for sleep.

Question 8

What is special about the thyroid hormone? What does it produce?

Answer 8

Largest pure endocrine gland.

1. Thyroid hormone: Increases metabolic rate
2. Calcitonin: Lowers blood Ca levels.

Question 9

What is hashimoto thyroiditis?

Answer 9

Decreased production of TH.

Question 10

What is Myxedema?

Answer 10

Extreme Hypothyroidism in adults.

Question 11

What is cretinism?

Answer 11

Extreme hypothyroidism in children.

Question 12

What does the parathryoid gland secrete and what does it do?

Answer 12

Secretes PTH.

Increases blood Ca+ levels.

Question 13

What hormones are produced in the ovaries,where, and what do they do?

Answer 13

1. Estrogen: Produced in Follicular cells. Follicle cell maturation and sex characteristics.
2. Inhibin: Produced follicular cells, Inhibits FSH secretion.
3. Progestins: Produced by corpus luteum. Prepares uterus and mammary glands.

Question 14

What hormones are produced in testes, where, and what do they do?

Answer 14

1. Androgens: Interstitial cells, Maturation of sperm, sex characteristics.
2. Inhibin: Nurse cells, inhibits secretion of FSH.

Question 15

What hormones are produced in the kidneys and what do they do?

Answer 15

1. EPO: vascoconstriction, RBC production.
2. Calcitriol: Calcium release and PTH inhibition.
3. Renin: Stims renin-angiotensin system, Aldosterone and ADH release, Decrease water release.