Pancreas and Adrenals

Question 1

What are the 2 portions of the adrenal glands and what do they secrete?

Answer 1

1. Cortex: Aldosterone, Cortisol

2. Medulla: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine.

Question 2

What are the zones of the cortex from outer to inner most layer and what do they produce?

Answer 2

1. Zona Glomerulosa: Mineralocorticoids
2. Zona Fasciculata: Glucocorticoids
3. Zona Reticularis: Endocrine cells that produce androgens

Question 3

What does aldosterone do?

Answer 3

Stimulates conservataion of sodium and elimination of potassium. Helps raise blood pressure.

Question 4

What disorders happen during hypo and hyper secretion of glucocorticoids?

Answer 4

1. Hypo: Addison disease

2. Hyper: Cushings syndrome

Question 5

what kind of exocrine cells are in the pancreas and what do they secret?

Answer 5

Pancreatic acini, secrete alkaline, enzyme rich fluid.

Question 6

What are the endocrine cells of the pancreas and what do they secrete?

Answer 6

1. Alpha cells: Glucagon
2. Beta cells: Insulin
3. Delta cells: GH-IH peptide hormone.
4. F cells: Pancreatic polypeptide PP

Question 7

What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer 7

High Glucose concentrations overwhelmm reabsorption capabilities of kidneys.

Question 8

What is type I and II diabetes mellitus?

Answer 8

I=Insulin dependent

II=Insulin independent

Question 9

What does GH do in children and adults?

Answer 9

1. Child: Supports muscular/skeletal growth.

2. Adult: Maintains blood glucose, mobilizes lipid.

Question 10

What happens when Thyroid hormones During fetal development? Decline before puberty?

Answer 10

1. Fetal: Nervous system fails to develop.

2. Normal skeletal dev will not continue.

Question 11

What happens if PTH and Calcitrol are inadequate?

Answer 11

Causes weak and flexible bones, as they promote deposition of Ca in bones.

Question 12

What is General Adaptation syndrome? What are the phases?

Answer 12

Stress response.

1. Alarm (Fight/flight)
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion