Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy I > Posterior Cervical Triangle And Intro To UE / Brachial Plexus > Flashcards

Posterior Cervical Triangle And Intro To UE / Brachial Plexus Flashcards

1
Q

The posterior cervical triangle (PCT) is a junction between the ____ and the ___ skeleton.

A

Upper extremity ; axial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The pectoral region of the PCT is the (anterior/posterior) triangle of the upper extremity to the axial skeleton

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The scapular region of the PCT is the (anterior/posterior) junction of the upper extremity to the axial skeleton

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The axillary region of the PCT is the (medial/lateral) junction of the upper extremity to the axial skeleton.

A

Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The axillary region is located between what two regions of the posterior cervical triangle as well as the chest wall of the humerus?

A

Pectoral & Scapular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the boundaries in the axillary region?

A

Anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, base, and the apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the axillary region made up of?

A

The anterior boundary of the pyramid is made up of the pectoralis major and minor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the axillary region made up of?

A

The posterior boundary is made up of the teres major, the latissimus dorsi, and the subscapularis muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the medial boundary of the axillary region made up of?

A

The medial boundary is made up of the serratus anterior muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the lateral boundary of the axillary region made up of?

A

The lateral boundary is made up of a small portion of the humerus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the apex of the axillary region made up of?

A

The apex is made up of the first rib, the clavicle, and the superior boarder of the scapula.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The axilla region creates a pyramid that is encased in a lot of _____ tissue and ____ and there is a sheet that surrounds the nerves and blood vessels that is called the axillary sheet

A

Connective; fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the axillary sheet contain?

A

The axillary sheet contains the brachial plexus, the axillary artery, and the axillary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The ______ is the first site where you can see the major neurovascular structures of the upper extremities

A

Posterior Cervical Triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The posterior cervical triangle is the triangle that is created by the

A

Posterior boarder of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM), the anterior edge of the upper trapezius muscle, and the middle 1/3 of the clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In the posterior cervical triangle, is there a lot of fat and connective tissue?

A

Yes (it is a very deep triangle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What muscles make up the floor of the posterior cervical triangle?

A

The floor of the posterior cervical triangle is made up of the anterior scalene, middle scalene, posterior scalene, levator scapulae, and the splenius capitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

As we open up and get rid of all of the fat and fascia in the PCT, what structures will you find?

A

As we open up and get rid of all of the fat and fascia in the PCT, you should find cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus, lymph nodes, superior portion of the brachial plexus (supraclavicular region), and the subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nerve runs somewhere between the middle and upper portion of the SCM?

A

The lesser occipital nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What nerve is around the middle of the SCM and runs straight superior to the ear (runs pretty much across the upper third of the SCM)?

A

The greater auricular nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What nerve runs from the middle of the SCM on the posterior boarder and comes out and wraps around the inferior third of the SCM?

A

The transverse cervical nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What nerves are a whole bunch of branches coming off above the clavicle and underneath the middle portion of the SCM?

A

The supraclavicular nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What nerve is a very superficial structure in the PCT and passes through the triangle and follows a line from the ear lobe down the neck to the tip of the shoulder and goes deep to the trapezius?

A

The spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What nerve has a potential for injury during surgery in the neck and if someone is carrying a heavy backpack on the base of their neck?

A

The spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The spinal accessory nerve innervates what two muscles?

A

The SCM and the trapezius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If you injure the spinal accessory nerve in the PCT and lacerate it completely, which muscle will be affected? If the nerve gets injured outside of the PCT, deeper in the neck and higher in the neck, then which muscle(s) will be affected?

A

If the nerve gets injured in the PCT after innervating the SCM, only the trapezius will be affected.

If the nerve gets injured outside of the PCT, deeper in the neck and higher in the neck then both muscles will be affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In the PCT floor, there is a little gap called the ____

A

Scalene groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The scalene groove is created by two muscles and a bone, name the two muscles and the bone.

A

The posterior boarder of the anterior scalene and the anterior boarder of the middle scalene, and a portion of the third rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the opening in the floor that allows the brachial plexus to emerge?

A

The scalene groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The section from the shoulder to the elbow is called what?

A

The arm or the brachium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the name of the region between the arm and forearm?

A

The elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is another name for the elbow?

A

The cubital region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the name of the region between the elbow and wrist?

A

The forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is another name for the forearm?

A

The antebrachium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the name of the region just distal to the wrist?

A

The hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The ______ is superficial fascia and fat under the skin that runs all the way around the arm. This fascia contains lots of veins and subcutaneous nerves.

A

Subcutaneous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Is the subcutaneous tissue loose or dense connective tissue?

A

Loose because it’s fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

After removing the superficial fascia, what layer do you find?

A

Deep fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Deep fascia has this investing fascia that goes between muscles, works its way to the bone, and creates compartmentalization. What is this fascia called?

A

Septa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Since we know that deep fascia surrounds every muscle, how is it determined for the deep fascia to create the septa?

A

It is only the deep fascia that goes towards the bone that creates the septa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How many compartments are there in the forearm?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

In your forearm, your anterior compartment starts out at the (medial/lateral) side of the elbow and runs to the anterior side of the wrist. The posterior compartment runs from the (medial/lateral) side of the elbow and runs to the posterior surface of the wrist.

A

Medial; Lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Muscles within a compartment tend to have similar functions
Muscles in a compartment are innervated predominantly by one nerve

T or F

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The anterior divisions of the nerves of the brachial plexus innervate the (anterior/posterior) compartment muscles.

A

Anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The posterior divisions of the nerves of the brachial plexus innervate the (anterior/posterior) compartment muscles.

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Vessels (arteries and veins) tend to run (with/against) the corresponding nerves in connective tissue bundles (neurovascular bundles) that are surrounded by connective tissue.

A

With

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the neurovascular bundles ?

A

Sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

The brachial plexus starts with ___ spinal nerves and ends up with ____ terminal nerves.

A

5;5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

The bones that connect the UE to the trunk are the ____ and the ______

A

Clavicle; Scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

The clavicle and the scapula articulate with the bones of the thorax at the _____ joint

A

Sternoclavicular (SC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

The medial end of the clavicle articulates with the sternum to form the ______ joint

A

Sternoclavicular (SC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion, forming the _____ joint

A

Acromio-clavicular (AC joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is the name of the well marked groove on the anterior aspect of the proximal humerus?

A

Bicipital groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What runs in the bicipital groove?

A

The tendon of the longhead of the biceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

At the proximal end of the bicipital groove, what two structures do you find?

A

The lesser and greater tubercles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

What is another name for the bicipital groove?

A

The intertubercular groove (because it is between two tubercles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Rotation which moves the front of the arm towards the body is called what?

A

Internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Rotation which moves the front of the arm away from the body is called what?

A

External rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What nerve emerges near the posterior boarder of the SCM, running downward and backward across the splenius muscle, and passing beneath the trapezius ?

A

The spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What are some of the nerves we learned in class that are a part of the cervical plexus ?

A

The lesser occipital, greater auricular, supraclavicular, and transverse cervical nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Many of the branches of the cervical plexus arise around the (medial/posterior) boarder of the SCM

A

Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

The greater occipital nerve is found more (medially/laterally) than the lesser occipital nerve

A

Medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

The inferior belly of the ____ divides the posterior cervical triangle into an upper triangle (occipital triangle) and a lower triangle (supraclavicular triangle)

A

Omohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

The cervical plexus and brachial plexus are exiting the neck between what two muscles?

A

The anterior and middle scalenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

The cervical plexus is (superior/inferior) to the brachial plexus

A

Superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

The _____ nerve is directed inferiorly and splits into three branches

A

Supraclavicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

The _______ nerve runs parallel to the posterior boarder of the SCM

A

Lesser occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

The nerve that emerges from the SCM and enters the deeper surface of the trapezius is what?

A

The spinal accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Above and below the glenoid fossa are the _____ tubercle and the ____ tubercle.

A

Supraglenoid; infraglenoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

The brachial plexus starts at ___ of the spinal cord and terminates at ___

A

C5;T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

For the brachial plexus: Left To Right – Remember To Drink Cold Nector

A 
R - Rami
To - Trunks
Drink - Divisions
Cold - Cords
Nector - Terminal nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

For the brachial plexus: Top To Bottom – M A R M U

A 
M - Musculocutaneous
A - Axillary
R - Radial 
M - Median
U - Ulnar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

In the brachial plexus, the ___ and ___ nerve roots come together to form the superior trunk

A

C5 & C6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

In the brachial plexus the ___ nerve root feeds into its own trunk which is the middle trunk

A

C7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

In the brachial plexus the ___ and ___ nerve root come together to form the inferior trunk

A

C8 & T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

In the brachial plexus the superior trunk branches into an ____ and ____ division

A

Anterior & Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

In the brachial plexus the middle trunk branches into an ____ and ____ division

A

Anterior & Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

In the brachial plexus the inferior trunk branches into an ___ and _____ division

A

Anterior & Posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

When drawing the anterior and posterior division in the inferior trunk of brachial plexus, draw the posterior division on “top” and the anterior division on the “bottom”.

A

Roger that

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

All of the posterior divisions in the brachial plexus come together to form the _____ cord that branches into the ____ and _____ nerves

A

Posterior; Axillary & Radial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

The anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks come together to form the _____ cord that branches into the ____ and _____ nerves

A

Lateral ; Musculocutaneous & Median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

The anterior division of the inferior trunk all by itself makes the _____ cord which branches to the___ and ___ nerves

A

Medial ; Median & Ulnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

What innervates the serratus anterior?

A

The long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

Most of the merging, diverging, and merging of the brachial plexus predominantly occurs in the _____ region of the posterior cervical triangle.

A

Axillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

Anything above the clavicle is considered the ____ region

A

Supraclavicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

The _____ and the ___ are what is found in the supraclavicular region

A

Trunks; Ventral rami

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

The ventral rami of what segments are found in the supraclavicular region?

A

C5-T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

A prefix plexus is when the nerve plexus runs from __ to ___ instead of C5 to T1

A

C4 to C8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

A postfixed plexus is when the nerve plexus runs from ___ to ____ instead of C5 to T1

A

C6 to T2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

Are there any dorsal rami in the brachial plexus?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

The ventral rami go to the (extremities/deeper layer of the skin)

A

Extremities

92
Q

Somewhere in the ____ you will find the ventral rami or the trunks coming out.

A

Scalene groove

93
Q

All of the trunks of the ventral rami are in the ______ region.

A

Supraclavicular

94
Q

Fibers from a single spinal cord segment always end up in more than one terminal nerve.

True or False?

A

True

95
Q

Each of the five terminal nerves and most of the collateral branches contain fibers from more than one spinal cord segment

True or False?

A

True

96
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve runs from ___ to___

A

C5 to C7

97
Q

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis) and the skin of the lateral aspect of the forearm

98
Q

The axillary nerve runs from ____ to ___

A

C5 to C6

99
Q

Where does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

The glenohumeral joint, teres minor and deltoid muscles, and the skin of the superolateral arm

100
Q

The radial nerve runs from ___ to ____

A

C5 to T1

101
Q

Where does the radial nerve innervate?

A

All muscles of the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm, skin of the posterior and inferolateral arm, posterior forearm, and dorsum of the hand lateral to the axial line of digit 4.

102
Q

The median nerve runs from __ to ___

A

C5 to T1

103
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

The muscles of anterior forearm compartment (except for flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus) and five intrinsic muscles in the thenar half of the palm and palmar skin

104
Q

The ulnar nerve runs from ___ to ___

A

C7 to T1

105
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

The flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus, the most intrinsic muscles of the hand, and the skin of the hand medial to the axial line of digit 4

106
Q

If there is an injury to C6 on the musculocutaneous nerve, will it affect the whole musculocutaneous nerve?

A

No, just a part of it

107
Q

Out of the five terminal nerves the axillary and the radial make up the _____ division nerves.

A

Posterior

108
Q

Out of the five terminal nerves the musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar nerves make up the ____ division nerves.

A

Anterior

109
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve comes off of the ventral rami of C5 and has segments where?

A

In C5

110
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve often has a frequent contribution from what nerve segment?

A

C4

111
Q

Where does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, and the levator scapulae

112
Q

The long thoracic nerve comes off behind the ventral rami of ___ to ___

A

C5 to C7

113
Q

What does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

The serratus anterior

114
Q

The suprascapular nerve comes off of the ____ trunk and will have___ to ___ segments.

A

Superior; C5 to C6

115
Q

The suprascapular nerve often has a contribution from which nerve segment?

A

C4

116
Q

The suprascapular nerve innervates what?

A

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and the glenohumeral joint.

117
Q

The suprascapular nerve is vulnerable to entrapment in the _____ and the _____

A

Suprascapular foramen and the spinoglenoid notch

118
Q

The lateral, posterior, and medial cords are named based on their location to the ______

A

Axillary artery

119
Q

The upper subscapular nerve comes off of the ____ cord and it runs from _____ to _____

A

Posterior; C5 to C6

120
Q

What does the upper subscapular nerve innervate?

A

The superior portion of the subscapularis

121
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve comes off of the ____ cord and it runs from ____ to ____

A

Posterior; C6 to C8

122
Q

What does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

The latissimus dorsi

123
Q

The lower subscapular nerve comes off of the ____ cord and it runs from ____ to _____

A

Posterior; C5 to C6

124
Q

Where does the lower subscapular nerve innervate?

A

The inferior portion of the subscapularis and teres major

125
Q

The lateral pectoral nerve comes off of the ____ cord and it runs from____ to ___

A

Lateral; C5 to C7

126
Q

Where does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Primarily the pectoralis major but some lateral pectoral nerve fibers pass to the pectoralis minor

127
Q

The medial pectoral nerve comes off of the _____ cord and it runs from ___ to _____

A

Medial; C8 to T1

128
Q

Where does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

The pectoralis minor and sternocostal part of the pectoralis major

129
Q

What runs between the medial and lateral pectoral nerves?

A

A communicating branch

130
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (brachium) comes off of the ____ cord and runs from ____ to _____

A

Medial; T1 to T2

131
Q

Where does the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (brachium) innervate?

A

The skin of medial side of arm, as far distally as the medial epicondyle of the humerus and olecranon of ulna

132
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (antebrachium) comes off of the ____ cord and runs from ____ to ____

A

Medial; C8 to T1

133
Q

Where does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (antebrachium) innervate?

A

The skin of the medial side of the forearm, as far distally as the wrist

134
Q

The superior trunk nerves for the most part do not reach muscles in the (hand/arm), they predominantly work in the (arm/hand)

A

Hand;Arm

135
Q

The nerves from the inferior trunk go all the way in the (hand/arm) and predominate the (hand/arm) and are less involved in the (arm/hand) .

A

Hand;Hand;Arm

136
Q

The right subclavian artery comes off of the _____ artery.

A

Brachiocephalic

137
Q

The brachiocephalic artery comes off of the_____

A

Aortic arch

138
Q

The left subclavian artery comes off of the____

A

Aortic arch

139
Q

Where does the subclavian artery run to ?

A

The axillary artery as it crosses the first rib

140
Q

The subclavian artery is found in the _____ and it is broken down into three parts.

A

Scalene groove

141
Q

Part one of the subclavian artery goes from where to where ?

A

When it comes off of the brachiocephalic on the right or when it comes off of the aortic arch on the left to the most medial edge of the anterior scalene.

142
Q

The first part of the subclavian artery terminates when it goes where?

A

Behind the anterior scalene

143
Q

The third part of the subclavian artery runs from where to where ?

A

The lateral edge of the anterior scalene to crossing the first rib

144
Q

The second part of the subclavian artery is found where?

A

Behind the anterior scalene

145
Q

The axillary artery is broken down into how many parts?

A

Three

146
Q

The axillary artery runs from where to where ?

A

The first rib to the inferior boarder of the teres major muscle.

147
Q

The parts of the axillary artery are named for where they are in relation to what muscle?

A

Pectoralis minor

148
Q

Part one of the axillary artery runs from where to where?

A

The first rib to the superior edge of the pectoralis minor

149
Q

Part two of the axillary artery is found where ?

A

Behind the pectoralis minor

150
Q

Part three of the axillary artery is from where to where ?

A

The lateral edge of the pectoralis minor to the inferior edge of the teres major

151
Q

How many arteries are in part one of the axillary artery?

A

One

152
Q

In part one of the axillary artery there is a very tiny artery. What is it called?

A

The supreme thoracic artery

153
Q

How many arteries are in part two of the axillary artery?

A

Two

154
Q

Which artery in part two of the axillary artery branches off into three different directions (it goes to the thorax, the acromion process, and up into the neck)?

A

Thoracoacromial artery

155
Q

What is the other artery found in part two of the axillary artery?

A

The lateral thoracic artery

156
Q

How many arteries are found in part three of the axillary artery?

A

Three

157
Q

The most proximal artery in part three of the axillary artery is the ____

A

Subscapular artery

158
Q

Which artery is found in part three of the axillary artery and goes in front of the humerus?

A

Anterior humeral circumflex artery

159
Q

Which artery is found in part three of the axillary artery and goes behind the humerus?

A

Posterior humeral circumflex artery

160
Q

• For the most part the subclavian and axillary veins are parallel with the arteries and run with the arteries.

True or false?

A

True

161
Q

What is the only difference between the axillary and subclavian veins and arteries?

A

The subclavian veins do not go to the scalene groove like the arteries do.

162
Q

The prevertebral layer is a layer of deep fascia in the cervical fascia.

True or False?

A

True

163
Q

The axillary sheath is a continuation of the prevertebral layer that surrounds what three structures going into the upper extremities?

A

Axillary arteries, axillary veins, and the brachial plexus

164
Q

If the C5 nerve gets injured, will the nerves that have C5 contributions into them be affected ?

A

Yes

165
Q

All the sensory nerve branches that makeup the C5 distribution is called a what?

A

A dermatome

166
Q

If you are going to evaluate someone’s dermatomes to see if there is sensory loss you have to go in the middle and stay (close / away) from the different nerve segment boundaries.

A

Away

167
Q

Typically, muscles are supplied by more than one segmental nerve. If there was a laceration of C5, the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the brachialis would still somewhat function because they have C6 & C7 nerve contributions. If the musculocutanous nerve was lacerated then those muscles would not work very well.

True or False?

A

True

168
Q

Typically, each muscle is supplied by one peripheral nerve. The rhomboids for example are typically innervated by the dorsal scapular C5 nerve (unless they have a C4 contribution) and if the C5 ventral rami gets injured the rhomboids will be shut down.

True or False

A

True

169
Q

Segmental – Preplexus or Post plexus?

Peripheral (into the terminal nerves) - Preplexus or postplexus?

A

Segmental - Preplexus

Peripheral - Postplexus

170
Q

With a segmental injury (preplexus) we get (large/small) areas of skin that are supplied by one segmental level, that is the dermatomes.

A

Large

171
Q

A peripheral injury, sensory wise affects only a (small/large) patch of skin. A segmental injury affects a much more (larger/smaller) area of injury.

A

Small; Larger

172
Q

Are the effects on muscles due to segmental injuries is widespread muscle weakness, or paralysis?

A

Widespread muscle weakness

173
Q

The effect on sensation for a segmental injury is what?

A

Dermatomal sensory loss

174
Q

The effect on muscle in a peripheral injury is what?

A

More focused muscle loss

175
Q

The effect on sensation for a peripheral injury is what?

A

A portion of the dermatome being affected.

176
Q

As a therapist, if you are suspecting a ventral rami segmental injury, you should expect what?

A

Dermatomal loss and specific muscles to be weak and not lost.

177
Q

As a therapist, if you are suspecting the patient has a terminal nerve injury, you will be looking for what?

A

A loss of the muscles that are innervated by that nerve and a smaller patch of sensory loss.

178
Q

Where does the lesser occipital nerve (C2) supply?

A

The skin of the lateroposterior portion of the ear up until the occipital bone

179
Q

Where does the greater auricular nerve (C2 & C3) supply?

A

The skin of the ear and a little bit down distally from the ear

180
Q

Where does the transverse cervical nerve (C2 & C3) supply?

A

The skin covering the anterior cervical region

181
Q

Where does the supraclavicular nerves (C3 & C4) supply?

A

The skin over the shoulder

182
Q

What are the two nerves that originate completely from the ventral rami of the brachial plexus?

A

Dorsal scapular (C5) & Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

183
Q

What nerve branches from the superior trunk?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

184
Q

Are there any nerves that branch from the middle and inferior trunks?

A

No

185
Q

Are there any nerves that branch from the anterior and posterior divisions?

A

No

186
Q

How many nerves branch off of the lateral cord?

A

1

187
Q

What nerve branches off of the lateral cord?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve (C5-C7)

188
Q

How many nerves branch off of the medial cord?

A

3

189
Q

What nerves branch off of the medial cord?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1), medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (T1-T2), and the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (C8-T1)

190
Q

How many nerves branch off of the posterior cord?

A

3

191
Q

What nerves branch off of the posterior cord?

A

Upper subscapular nerve (C5-C6), the thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8), and lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

192
Q

If there is a C5 ventral rami injury, then any nerves (proximally/distally) that have a C5 contribution will be affected.

A

Distally

193
Q

If the C5 nerve was completely lacerated, then the C5 dermatome will be (completely/partially) desensitized.

A

Completely

194
Q

A peripheral nerve injury is going to cause loss of sensation to a (small / large) portion of a dermatome.

A

Small

195
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a neurovascular entrapment in what region?

A

The posterior cervical triangle and axillary regions

196
Q

What syndrome causes mechanical compression and increased pressure on neurovascular structures resulting in symptoms in the upper extremity?

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

197
Q

Where are the 5 places of entrapment for thoracic outlet syndrome that start at the brachial plexus and run to the terminal nerves?

A

The superior thoracic aperture, scalene groove, space between the mid clavicle and first rib, the pectoralis minor coracoid loop, and the humeral head.

198
Q

Where is the superior aperture of the thoracic cage located?

A

It is a hole at the top of the rib cage that is formed by T1, rib 1, and the sternum

199
Q

What is the only thing coming out of the superior thoracic aperture that we have to be concerned about in regard to entrapment?

A

The subclavian artery and vein

200
Q

What is the reason the superior thoracic aperture is a possible impingement point?

A

It has the lungs in this region and when you expand the lungs all the way they could potentially compress those arteries and veins.

201
Q

What do we have to be concerned about in the scalene groove in regard to entrapment?

A

The ventral rami and / or trunks of the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery

202
Q

What is the reason the scalene groove is a possible impingement point?

A

The cervical rib and due to the position of our rib cage and shoulder, muscle spasms and muscle contractions can make the area smaller.

203
Q

Where is the pectoralis minor coracoid loop located?

A

It is the area underneath the pectoralis minor and around the coracoid process

204
Q

Why is the humeral head an entrapment point in regard to thoracic outlet syndrome?

A

The humeral head can come forward and compress the brachial plexus and the vasculature.

205
Q

The ____ nerve comes off of the posterior cord and goes to the armpit area

A

Axillary

206
Q

The _____ nerve comes off of the posterior cord and goes to the posterior compartment of the arm and goes down the spiral groove of the humerus within the triceps.

A

Radial

207
Q

The _____ nerve comes off of the medial cord and goes into the arm region and will be the most medial out of all of those nerves innervating the arm

A

Ulnar

208
Q

The _____ nerve comes off of the lateral cord and will pierce the coracobrachialis.

A

Musculocutaneous

209
Q

In the brachial plexus, the middle of the “M” that is formed by contributions from the lateral cord and medial cord is the _____ nerve and it enters the brachium region and it is lateral to the ulnar nerve.

A

Median

210
Q

The _____ nerve comes off of the medial cord and is found in the middle of the arm (brachium).

A

Median

211
Q

The terminal nerves that are in the arm (brachium) from lateral to medial are the _____ nerve, _____ nerve, and then the _____ nerve.

A

Radial; median; ulnar

212
Q

The _____ nerve pierces the pectoralis minor and innervates the pectoralis major.

A

Medial pectoral

213
Q

The cords are named based on their position to the _____

A

Axillary artery

214
Q

The _____ nerve comes off of the posterior cord and theoretically should be between the upper subscapular nerve and the lower subscapular nerve.

A

Thoracodorsal

215
Q

What are the names of the trunks in the brachial plexus ?

A

Superior, middle, and inferior

216
Q

What are the divisions in the brachial plexus called ?

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

217
Q

What are the cords in the brachial plexus called?

A

Lateral, posterior, and medial cord

218
Q

Where does the greater occipital nerve (C2) supply?

A

The skin of the occipital bone

219
Q

On the dermatome map, where is C2?

A

Skin of the neck below the chin up to to the manubrium

220
Q

On the dermatome map, where is C3?

A

The skin of the neck from the manubrium down to the level of the acromion

221
Q

On the dermatome map, where is C4?

A

Level with skin of the anterior shoulder going medially

222
Q

On the dermatome map where is C5?

A

Below the skin of the shoulder, the skin of the lateral aspect of the arm

223
Q

On the dermatome map, where Is C6?

A

The skin of the lateral aspect of the forearm all the way down to the thumb and index finger

224
Q

On the dermatome map, where is C7?

A

The portion of the skin of the middle finger up to the wrist

225
Q

On the dermatome map, where is C8?

A

The portion of the skin from the fake middle finger and pinky to the wrist

226
Q

On the dermatome map, where is T1?

A

The skin of the medial aspect of the forearm

227
Q

On the dermatome map, where is T2?

A

The skin of the medial aspect of the arm up to level of the armpit going medially

Anatomy I (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions