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Anatomy I > Actions/Origins/Insertions/Innervations > Flashcards

Actions/Origins/Insertions/Innervations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

Superior (descending):
Elevates the scapula

Inferior (ascending):
Depresses the scapula

Middle part:
Retracts the scapula

Superior & Inferior together:
Rotate the glenoid cavity superiorly

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2
Q

What is the medial attachment of the trapezius?

A

External occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line, and spinous processes of C7-T12

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3
Q

What is the lateral attachment of the trapezius?

A

Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of the scapula

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4
Q

Where does the trapezius innervate?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial nerve 11) & Spinal nerves (C3 & C4)

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5
Q

What is the action for the latissimus dorsi?

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the shoulder joint

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6
Q

What is the medial attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous process of the inferior six thoracic vertebrae, inferior three or four ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, and the iliac crest

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7
Q

What is the lateral attachment of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Floor of the intertubercular groove (sulcus) of the humerus

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8
Q

Where does the latissimus dorsi innervate?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8)

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9
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevates the scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly

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10
Q

What is the medial attachment of the levator scapulae?

A

Posterior tubercles of the transverse process of C1-C4

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11
Q

What is the lateral attachment of the levator scapulae?

A

Medial border of the scapula superior to the root of spine

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12
Q

Where does the levator scapulae innervate?

A

Dorsal scapular (C5) & Spinal nerves (C3 & C4)

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13
Q

Does the rhomboid major & minor have the same action?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Do the rhomboid major & minor have the same innervation?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid minor?

A

Retracts the scapula, rotates the glenoid cavity inferiorly, and fixes the scapula to the thoracic wall

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16
Q

What is the medial attachment of the rhomboid minor?

A

Ligamentum nuchae & spinous processes of C7 & T1 vertebrae

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17
Q

What is the lateral attachment of the rhomboid minor?

A

Upper portion of the medial border of the scapula, across from the spine of the scapula

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18
Q

Where does the rhomboid minor innervate?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 & C5)

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19
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid major?

A

Retract the scapula, rotate the glenoid cavity inferiorly, & fix the scapula to the thoracic wall

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20
Q

What is the medial attachment of the rhomboid major?

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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21
Q

What is the lateral attachment of the rhomboid major?

A

Medial border of the scapula between the spine of the scapula and the inferior angle

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22
Q

Where does the rhomboid major innervate?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 & C5)

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23
Q

What are the names of the deep back muscles from superficial to deep?

A

Spinotransversalis, erector spinae, transversospinalis, and segmental

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24
Q

What is the general function of the deeper back muscles?

A

Spinal stability & mobility

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25
Q

What is the innervation of ALL of the deeper back muscles?

A

Dorsal rami

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26
Q

What muscles are in the spinotransversalis group?

A

Splenius capitis & splenius cervicis

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27
Q

What is the action of the splenius capitis and cervicis acting alone and together?

A

Acting alone:
Laterally flexes the neck and rotates head to the side of the active muscles

Acting together:
Extend the head and neck

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28
Q

What is the inferior attachment and superior attachment for the splenius capitis and cervicis?

A

Inferior attachment:
They arise from the nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6

Superior attachment:

Splenius cervicis: Tubercles of the transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4

Splenius Capitis: Fibers run from spinous process to transverse process to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and the lateral 1/3 of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

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29
Q

What is the innervation for the splenius capitis and cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami

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30
Q

What is another name for the erector spinae group?

A

Sacrospinalis

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31
Q

What muscles are in the erector spinae group from lateral to medial ?

A

Iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

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32
Q

Are the actions for each muscle in the erector spinae group the same?

A

Yes

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33
Q

What are the components (regions) of the iliocostalis?

A

Cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum

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34
Q

What are the actions of the erector spinae group unilaterally and bilaterally?

A

Unilaterally:
Laterally flex the vertebral column

Bilaterally:
Extend the vertebral column and head and as the back is flexed they help to control movement by gradually lengthening their fibers

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35
Q

What is the action of the iliocostalis?

A

Unilaterally:
Laterally flex the vertebral column

Bilaterally:
Extend the vertebral column and head and as the back is flexed they help to control movement by gradually lengthening their fibers

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36
Q

What are the attachments of the iliocostalis?

A

The iliocostalis spans the cervicis, thoracis, lumborum regions and as it enters the cervical spine, it attaches to the transverse process.
The superior attachment is the ribs.

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37
Q

What is the innervation of the iliocostalis?

A

Dorsal rami

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38
Q

What are the components (regions) of the longissimus?

A

Thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

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39
Q

What is the action of the longissimus?

A

Unilaterally:
Laterally flex the vertebral column

Bilaterally:
Extend the vertebral column and head and as the back is flexed they help to control movement by gradually lengthening their fibers

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40
Q

What are the attachments of the longissimus?

A

The longissimus is in the thoracis, cervicis, and capitus regions and extends from transverse process to transverse process.

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41
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus?

A

Dorsal rami

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42
Q

What are the components (regions) of the spinalis?

A

Thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

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43
Q

What is the action of the spinalis?

A

Unilaterally:
Laterally flex the vertebral column

Bilaterally:
Extend the vertebral column and head and as the back is flexed they help to control movement by gradually lengthening their fibers

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44
Q

What are the attachments of the spinalis?

A

The spinalis spans the thoracis, cervicis, and capitis region and runs from spinous process to spinous process.

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45
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis?

A

Dorsal rami

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46
Q

What muscles are in the transversospinalis group?

A

Semispinalis, multifidi, and rotatores

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47
Q

What direction (Inferior to superior/Superior to inferior) do the transversospinalis group run and from what process to what process?

A

The transversospinalis group run inferior to superior and from transverse process to spinous process

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48
Q

What are the components (regions) of the semispinalis?

A

Thoracis, cervicis, and capitus

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49
Q

What is the action of the semispinalis?

A

Extends the head, thoracic and cervical regions of vertebral column and rotates them contralaterally.

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50
Q

What are the attachments of the semispinalis?

A

The semispinalis spans the thoracis, cervicis, and capitus region. It runs from inferior to superior and from transverse process to spinous process.

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51
Q

Where does the semispinalis innervate?

A

Dorsal rami

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52
Q

What is the action of the multifidus?

A

Unilateral contraction rotates to the contralateral side and stabilizes the vertebrae during local movements of the vertebral column.

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53
Q

What are the attachments of the multifidus?

A

The multifidus spans from the sacrum up until the middle of the cervical region. They run from inferior to superior and from transverse process to spinous process.

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54
Q

What is the innervation of the multifidus?

A

Dorsal rami

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55
Q

What is the action of the rotatores?

A

May function as organs of proprioception, possibly stabilize the vertebrae and assist with local extension and rotatory movements of the vertebral column.

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56
Q

What are the attachments of the rotatores?

A

The rotatores extends from the sacrum to the middle cervical region and runs from transverse process to spinous process.

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57
Q

What is the innervation of the rotatores?

A

Dorsal rami

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58
Q

What muscles are included in the segmental back muscles?

A

Interspinalis & Intertransversarii

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59
Q

What is the action of the interspinalis?

A

Aid in extension and rotation of the vertebral column

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60
Q

What are the attachments of the interspinalis?

A

Run vertically in between the spinous processes of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae

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61
Q

What is the innervation of the interspinalis?

A

Dorsal rami

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62
Q

What is the action of the intertransversarii (do not forget the bilateral component)?

A

Aid in lateral flexion of the vertebral column
Bilaterally:
Stabilizes the vertebral column

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63
Q

What are the attachments of the intertransversarii?

A

Runs adjacently in between the transverse processes of the cervical and lumbar vertebrae

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64
Q

What is the innervation of the intertransversarii?

A

Dorsal rami

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65
Q

What are the muscles in the suboccipital group?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major, rectus capitis posterior minor, obliquus capitis superior, and obliquus capitis inferior

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66
Q

Do the suboccipital muscles have the same action?

A

Yes

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67
Q

What are the actions for the suboccipital muscles?

A

Extend the head on C1, rotate the head, and rotate the C1 on C2 vertebrae.

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68
Q

Do the suboccipital muscles have the same innervation?

A

Yes

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69
Q

Where do the suboccipital muscles innervate?

A

Posterior ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve

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70
Q

What is the action of the rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Extend the head on C1, rotate the head, and rotate the C1 on C2 vertebrae.

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71
Q

What are the attachments for the rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Arises from the spinous process of the C2 vertebra and inserts into the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone.

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72
Q

What is the innervation for the rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Posterior ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve

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73
Q

What is the action of the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Extend the head on C1, rotate the head, and rotate the C1 on C2 vertebrae.

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74
Q

What are the attachments for the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Arises from the posterior tubercle on the posterior arch of the C1 vertebra and inserts into the medial third of the inferior nuchal line .

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75
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Posterior ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve

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76
Q

What is the action of the obliquus capitis superior?

A

Extend the head on C1, rotate the head, and rotate the C1 on C2 vertebrae.

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77
Q

What are the attachments for the obliquus capitis superior?

A

Arises from the transverse process of C1 and inserts into the occipital bone between the superior and the inferior nuchal lines

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78
Q

What is the innervation of the obliquus capitis superior?

A

Posterior ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve

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79
Q

What is the action of the obliquus capitis inferior?

A

Extend the head on C1, rotate the head, and rotate the C1 on C2 vertebrae.

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80
Q

What are the attachments for the obliquus capitis inferior?

A

It arises from the spinous process of the C2 vertebra and inserts into the transverse process of the C1 vertebra.

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81
Q

What is the innervation of the obliquus capitis inferior?

A

Posterior ramus of C1, the suboccipital nerve.

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82
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

Stabilizes the scapula by drawing inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall

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83
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

A

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilage

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84
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula

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85
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8 & T1)

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86
Q

What is the action of the pectoralis major? Do not forget that the muscle can act alone.

A

Adducts and medially rotates the shoulder joint and draws the scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

Acting alone:
The clavicular head flexes the shoulder joint and sternocostal head and extends it from the flexed position.

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87
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pectoralis major for the clavicular head and sternocostal head?

A

Clavicular head:
Anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle

Sternocostal head:
Anterior surface of the sternum, superior six costal cartilages, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle

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88
Q

What is the innervation of the pectoralis major?

A 
Lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Clavicular head (C5 & C6)
Sternocostal head (C7-T1)
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89
Q

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

Protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall and rotates the scapula

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90
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the serratus anterior?

A

External surfaces of the lateral parts of the 1st-8th ribs

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91
Q

What is the distal attachment of the serratus anterior?

A

Anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

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92
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

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93
Q

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid unilaterally and bilaterally?

A

Unilateral contraction:
Laterally flexes the neck to the same side and rotates the head contralaterally

Bilateral contraction:
Extends the neck at the atlantooccipital joints, flexes the cervical vertebrae, and extends the superior cervical vertebrae

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94
Q

What is the superior attachment of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Lateral surface of the mastoid process of the temporal bone and lateral half of the superior nuchal line

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95
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the sternocleidomastoid for the sternal head and the clavicular head?

A

Sternal head:
Anterior surface of the manubrium and sternum

Clavicular head:
Superior surface of the medial third of the clavicle

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96
Q

What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid ?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI) and C2&C3 nerves (pain and proprioception)

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97
Q

What is the action of the anterior scalene?

A

Flexes the neck laterally and elevates the first rib during inhalation

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98
Q

What is the superior attachment of the anterior scalene?

A

Anterior tubercles of the transverse processes C3-C6 vertebrae

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99
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the anterior scalene?

A

1st rib

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100
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior scalene?

A

Cervical spinal nerves (C4-C6)

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101
Q

What is the action of the middle scalene?

A

Laterally flexes the neck and elevates the 1st rib during forced inspiration

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102
Q

What is the superior attachment of the middle scalene?

A

Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C4-C7 vertebrae

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103
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the middle scalene?

A

Superior surface of the 1st rib and posterior to the groove for the subclavian artery

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104
Q

What is the innervation of the middle scalene?

A

Anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

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105
Q

What is the action of the posterior scalene?

A

Laterally flexes the neck and elevates the 2nd rib during inhalation

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106
Q

What is the superior attachment of the posterior scalene?

A

Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the C4-C6 vertebrae

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107
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the posterior scalene?

A

External border of the 2nd rib

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108
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior scalene?

A

Anterior rami of the cervical spinal nerves (C7 & C8)

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109
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pectoralis major?

A

Lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

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110
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve runs from ____ to ____

A

C5 to C7

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111
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (coaracobrachialis, biceps brachii, & brachialis) and the skin of the lateral aspect of the forearm

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112
Q

The axillary nerve runs from ____ to _____

A

C5 to C6

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113
Q

Where does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

The glenohumeral joint, teres minor, the deltoid muscles, and the skin of the superolateral arm.

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114
Q

The radial nerve runs from___ to ____

A

C5 to T1

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115
Q

Where does the radial nerve innervate?

A

All muscles of the posterior compartments of the arm and forearm, skin of the posterior and inferolateral arm, posterior forearm, and dorsum of the hand lateral to the axial line of digit 4.

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116
Q

The median nerve runs from ____ to _____

A

C5 to T1

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117
Q

Where does the median nerve innervate?

A

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm (except for the flexor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus) and the five intrinsic muscles in the thenar half of the palm and palmar skin.

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118
Q

The ulnar nerve runs from ____ to _____

A

C7 to T1

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119
Q

Where does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

The flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus, the most intrinsic muscles in the hand, and the skin of the hand medial to the axial line of digit 4.

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120
Q

The dorsal scapular nerve comes off of the ventral rami of the ___ segment with frequent contributions from ___ .

A

C5; C4

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121
Q

What muscle(s) does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate?

A

Rhomboid minor, rhomboid major, and the levator scapulae

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122
Q

The long thoracic nerve comes off behind the ventral rami of ___ to ____

A

C5 to C7

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123
Q

What muscle(s) does the long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

The serratus anterior

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124
Q

The suprascapular nerve comes off of the ____ trunk and will have ____ to ____ segments and often has nerve contributions from ____

A

Superior; C5 to C6; C4

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125
Q

What muscle(s) does the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and the glenohumeral joint

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126
Q

The upper subscapular nerve comes off of the _____ cord and it runs from ____ to _____

A

Posterior; C5 to C6

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127
Q

What muscle(s) does the upper subscapularis nerve innervate?

A

The superior portion of the subscapularis

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128
Q

The thoracodorsal nerve comes off of the _____ cord and it runs from ____ to _____

A

Posterior; C6 to C8

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129
Q

What muscle(s) does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate?

A

Latissimus dorsi

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130
Q

The lower subscapular nerve comes off of the ____ cord and it runs from____ to _____

A

Posterior; C5 to C6

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131
Q

What muscle(s) does the lower subscapular nerve innervate?

A

The inferior portion of the subscapularis and the teres major

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132
Q

The lateral pectoral nerve comes off of the ____ cord and it runs from ____ to ____

A

Lateral; C5 to C7

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133
Q

What muscle(s) does the lateral pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Primarily the pectoralis major but some lateral pectoral nerve fibers pass to the pectoralis minor

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134
Q

The medial pectoral nerve comes off the _____ cord and it runs from ___ to ____

A

Medial; C8 to T1

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135
Q

What muscle(s) does the medial pectoral nerve innervate?

A

Pectoralis minor and the sternocostal part of the pectoralis major

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136
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (brachium) comes off of the ____ cord and runs from ____ to ____

A

Medial; T1 to T2

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137
Q

Where does the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm (brachium) innervate?

A

The skin of the medial side of the arm, as far distally as the medial epicondyle of the humerus and olecranon of the ulna

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138
Q

The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (antebrachium) comes off of the _____ cord and runs from _____ to ______

A

Medial; C8 to T1

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139
Q

Where does the medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (antebrachium) innervate?

A

The skin of the medial side of the forearm, as far distally as the wrist

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140
Q

How many parts does the deltoid have ?

A

3

141
Q

Name the part(s) of the deltoid from anterior to posterior

A

Clavicular (anterior)
Acromial (middle)
Spinal (posterior)

142
Q

What is the action of the deltoid for all three parts ?

A

Clavicular (anterior):
Flexes and medially rotates the shoulder joint

Acromial (middle):
Abducts the shoulder joint

Spinal (posterior):
Extends & laterally rotates the shoulder joint

143
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the deltoid ?

A

Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle., acromion, & spine of the scapula

144
Q

What is the distal attachment of the deltoid ?

A

The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

145
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid muscle ?

A

Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

146
Q

What is the action of the teres major ?

A

Adducts & medially rotates the shoulder joint

147
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the teres major?

A

Inferior part of the lateral boarder of the scapula & posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula

148
Q

What is the distal attachment of the teres major?

A

Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

149
Q

What is the innervation of the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

150
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus?

A

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of the shoulder joint

151
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the supraspinatus?

A

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

152
Q

What is the distal attachment of the supraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus

153
Q

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4-C6)

154
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus?

A

Laterally rotates the shoulder joint and helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula

155
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

156
Q

What is the distal attachment of the infraspinatus?

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus

157
Q

What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

158
Q

What is the action of the teres minor?

A

Laterally rotates the shoulder joint and helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity of the scapula

159
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the teres minor?

A

Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula

160
Q

What is the distal attachment of the teres minor?

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus

161
Q

What is the innervation for the teres minor?

A

Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

162
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates and adducts the shoulder joint and helps hold the humeral head in the glenoid cavity

163
Q

What is the distal attachment of the subscapularis ?

A

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

164
Q

What is the innervation for the subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5-C7)

165
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa

166
Q

Many superficial veins from the forearm converge just below the elbow to form two large veins. What are they?

A

The basilic & the cephalic vein

167
Q

Between the basilic & the cephalic vein, which vein is more medial when they converge ?

A

The basilic

168
Q

The (cephalic/basilic) vein stays at a superficial level as it runs up the arm over the biceps. At the top of the arm it lies between what two muscles?

A

Cephalic; deltoid & pectoralis major

169
Q

What nerve is a direct continuation of the musculocutaneous nerve past the elbow?

A

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

170
Q

At the level of the inferior border of the teres major muscle the axillary artery’s name changes to what?

A

The brachial artery

171
Q

Right next to the latissimus tendon, the brachial artery gives off a large branch called the ____ _____ _____ which passes backwards deep to the triceps

A

deep brachial artery

172
Q

The brachial artery runs down the (medial/lateral) side of the arm alongside the brachialis muscle and the median nerve crosses over the artery

A

medial

173
Q

The brachial artery passes (beneath/over) the bicipital apnoeurosis

A

beneath

174
Q

Alongside the biceps tendon, the brachial artery divides into two major arteries of the forearm, what arteries are they?

A

The radial and the ulnar arteries

175
Q

The radial artery stays quite (superficial/deep) and runs down the forearm between the pronator teres and the brachioradialis

A

superficial

176
Q

The ulnar artery stays (deep/superficial) and dives down alongside the brachioradialis tendon and passes deep to the pronator teres

A

deep

177
Q

What is the action of the biceps brachii? Do not forget the short head.

A

It supinates the forearm and when it is supinated, it flexes the elbow joint. It also flexes the shoulder joint and the short head resists dislocation of the shoulder.

178
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the short head and long head of the biceps brachii?

A

Short head: Tip of the coracoid process of the scapula.

Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

179
Q

What is the distal attachment for the biceps brachii?

A

Radial tuberosity and fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis

180
Q

What is the innervation for the biceps brachii?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)

181
Q

What is the action of the brachialis?

A

It flexes the elbow joint in all positions

182
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the brachialis?

A

Anterior surface of the distal half of the humerus

183
Q

What is the distal attachment for the brachialis?

A

Coronoid process and ulna tuberosity

184
Q

What is the innervation for the brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)

185
Q

What is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

Helps flex and adduct the shoulder joint and resists dislocation of the shoulder

186
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the coracobrachialis?

A

Tip of the coracoid process of the scapula

187
Q

What is the distal attachment of the coracobrachialis?

A

Middle 1/3 of medial surface of the humerus

188
Q

What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)

189
Q

What is the action of the triceps brachii? Do not forget the action of the long head.

A

It extends the elbow joint and the long head extends the shoulder joint and resists dislocation of the humerus.

190
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the triceps brachii for the long head, lateral head, & the medial head?

A

Long head: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.
Lateral head: Posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the radial groove.
Medial head: Posterior surface of the humerus inferior to the radial groove.

191
Q

What is the distal attachment of the triceps brachii?

A

Proximal end of the olecranon of the ulna and fascia of the forearm

192
Q

What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve (C6-C8)

193
Q

What is the action of the pronator teres?

A

It pronates the forearm and flexes the elbow joint

194
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pronator teres for the ulnar head and humeral head?

A

Ulnar head: Coronoid process of the ulna.

Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of the humerus.

195
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pronator teres?

A

Middle of convexity of the lateral surface of the radius

196
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator teres?

A

Median nerve (C6-C7)

197
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

It flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist

198
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

199
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Base of the 2nd (3rd) metacarpal

200
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve (C6-C7)

201
Q

What is the action of the palmaris longus?

A

It flexes the hand (at the wrist) and tenses palmar aponeurosis

202
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the palmaris longus?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

203
Q

What is the distal attachment of the palmaris longus?

A

Distal half of the flexor retinaculum and the palmar aponeurosis

204
Q

What is the innervation of the palmaris longus?

A

Median nerve (C7-C8)

205
Q

What is the action of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist

206
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris for the ulnar head and humeral head?

A

Ulnar head: Olecranon and posterior border of the ulna.

Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of the humerus

207
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Pisiform, hook of hamate, and the 5th metacarpal

208
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve (C7-C8)

209
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

It flexes the wrist joint, carpometacarpal joints, flexes proximal interphalangeal joints of the middle four digits, and flexes the proximal phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joints

210
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis for the humero-ulnar head and the radial head?

A

Humero-ulnar head: Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
Radial head: Oblique line of the radius

211
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Shafts (bodies) of the middle phalanges of the medial four digits

212
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve (C7-T1)

213
Q

What is the action of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flexes the wrist joints, carpometacarpal joints, distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2, 3, 4, & 5, and assists with wrist flexion

214
Q

What is the proximal attachment for the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Proximal three quarters of the anterior and medial surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

215
Q

What is the distal attachment for the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Bases of the distal pahalnges of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, & 5th digits

216
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus for the lateral part (digits 2 and 3) and the medial part (digits 4 and 5)?

A 
Lateral part (digits 2 and 3): 
Median nerve (C8-T1) (anterior interosseous branch)
Medial part (digits 4 and 5):
Ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
217
Q

What is the action of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexes the wrist joint, carpometacarpal joints, metacarpophalangeal joints, & interphalangeal joints of the thumb

218
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseous membrane

219
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

220
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8-T1)

221
Q

What is the action of the pronator quadratus?

A

It pronates the forearm and the deep fibers bind the radius and ulna together

222
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the pronator quadratus?

A

The distal quarter of the anterior surface of the ulna

223
Q

What is the distal attachment of the pronator quadratus?

A

The distal quarter of the anterior surface of the radius

224
Q

What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?

A

Anterior interosseous nerve, from median nerve (C8-T1)

225
Q

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

A

Weak elbow flexor, maximal flexion when forearm is in midpronated position

226
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the brachioradialis?

A

Proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

227
Q

What is the distal attachment of the brachioradialis?

A

Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius proximal to the styloid process

228
Q

What is the innervation of the brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve (C5-C7)

229
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

It extends and abducts the wrist joint and extends the carpometacarpal joints

230
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

231
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Dorsal aspect of the base of the 2nd metacarpal

232
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus?

A

Radial nerve (C6-C7)

233
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Extends and abducts the wrist joint and extends the carpometacarpal joints

234
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

235
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Dorsal aspect of the base of the 3rd metacarpal

236
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

Deep branch of the radial nerve (C7-C8)

237
Q

What is the action of the extensor digitorum?

A

It extends the wrist joint, carpometacarpal joints, and the medial four fingers primarily at the metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at the interphalangeal joint

238
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor digitorum?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

239
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor digitorum?

A

Extensor expansions of the medial four fingers

240
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

241
Q

What is the action of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

It extends the wrist joint, carpometacarpal joints, and the 5th finger primarily at the metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at the interphalangeal joint

242
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

243
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Extensor expansion of the 5th finger

244
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

245
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

It extends and adducts the wrist joint, carpometacarpal joint

246
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and posterior border of the ulna

247
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Dorsal aspect of the base of the 5th metacarpal

248
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

249
Q

What is the action of the supinator?

A

Supinates the forearm

250
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the supinator?

A

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa, and the crest of the ulna

251
Q

What is the distal attachment of the supinator?

A

Anterior, posterior, and lateral surfaces of the proximal 1/3 of the radius

252
Q

What is the innervation of the supinator?

A

Deep branch of the radial nerve (C7-C8)

253
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

It extends the wrist joints, carpometacarpal joints and and abducts the thumb and extends it at the carpometacarpal joint

254
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior surface of the proximal halves of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane

255
Q

What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Base of the 1st metacarpal

256
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

257
Q

What is the action of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

It extends the wrist joint, carpometacarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joint, and the distal phalanx of the thumb at the interphalangeal joint

258
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

The posterior surface of the middle 1/3 of the ulna and interosseous membrane

259
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

The dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

260
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

261
Q

What is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

It extends the wrist joints, carpometacarpal joints and the proximal phalanx of the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint

262
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior surface of the distal 1/3 of the radius and interosseous membrane

263
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

The dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

264
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

265
Q

What is the action of the extensor indicis?

A

It extends the wrist joint, carpometacarpal joint, & the 2nd finger

266
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the extensor indicis?

A

The posterior surface of the distal 1/3 of the ulna and interosseous membrane

267
Q

What is the distal attachment of the extensor indicis?

A

The extensor expansion of the 2nd finger

268
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor indicis?

A

Posterior interosseous nerve (C7-C8), continuation of the deep branch of the radial nerve

269
Q

What is the action of the opponens pollicis?

A

To oppose the thumb

270
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the opponens pollicis?

A

The flexor retinaculum and tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium

271
Q

What is the distal attachment of the opponens pollicis?

A

The lateral side of the 1st metacarpal

272
Q

What is the innervation of the opponens pollicis?

A

The recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8-T1)

273
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

To abduct the thumb and help oppose it

274
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

The flexor retinaculum and tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium

275
Q

What is the distal attachment of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

The lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

276
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

The recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8-T1)

277
Q

The flexor pollicis brevis has a ___ head and a ___ head

A

superficial; deep

278
Q

What is the action of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

It flexes the thumb

279
Q

What is the proximal attachment for flexor pollicis brevis?

A

The flexor retinaculum and tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium

280
Q

What is the distal attachment for flexor pollicis brevis?

A

The lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

281
Q

What is the innervation of flexor pollicis brevis for the superficial head and deep head ?

A

Superficial: The recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8-T1)
Deep: The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

282
Q

Adductor pollicis has a ___ head and ___ head

A

Transverse; oblique

283
Q

What is the action of adductor pollicis?

A

It adducts the the thumb toward the lateral border of the palm

284
Q

What is the proximal attachment of adductor pollicis for the transverse head and oblique head?

A

Transverse head: Anterior surface of the shaft of the 3rd metacarpal.

Oblique head: Bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals.

285
Q

What is the distal attachment for adductor pollicis?

A

Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

286
Q

What is the innervation of adductor pollicis?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

287
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, & the adductor pollicis

288
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A

Opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, & flexor digiti minimi brevis

289
Q

What is the action of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

It draws the 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it and brings the 5th finger into opposition with the thumb

290
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

The flexor retinaculum and the hook of the hamate

291
Q

What is the distal attachment of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

The medial border of the 5th metacarpal

292
Q

What is the innervation of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

293
Q

What is the action of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

It abducts the 5th finger and assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx

294
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

The pisiform

295
Q

What is the distal attachment of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

The medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger

296
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

297
Q

What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

It flexes the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger

298
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

The flexor retinaculum and hook of the hamate

299
Q

What is the distal attachment of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

The medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th finger

300
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

301
Q

What is the action for lumbricals 1 & 2?

A

It flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and extends the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th fingers

302
Q

What is the proximal attachment for lumbricals 1 and 2?

A

The lateral two tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

303
Q

What is the distal attachment for lumbricals 1 and 2?

A

The lateral sides of the extensor expansions of the 2nd-5th fingers

304
Q

What is the innervation for lumbricals 1 and 2?

A

Median nerve (C8-T1)

305
Q

What is the action for lumbricals 3 and 4?

A

It flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and extends the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th fingers

306
Q

What is the proximal attachment for lumbricals 3 and 4?

A

The medial 3 tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

307
Q

What is the distal attachment for lumbricals 3 and 4?

A

The lateral sides of the extensor expansions of the 2nd-5th fingers

308
Q

What is the innervation for lumbricals 3 and 4?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

309
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei, 1-4?

A

It abducts the 2nd-4th fingers from the axial line and acts with the lumbricals in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints and extending the interphalangeal joints

310
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the dorsal interossei, 1-4?

A

The adjacent sides of two metacarpals

311
Q

What is the distal attachment of the dorsal interossei, 1-4?

A

The bases of the proximal phalanges and the extensor expansions of the 2nd-4th fingers

312
Q

What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei, 1-4?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

313
Q

What is the action of the palmar interossei, 1-3?

A

It adducts the 2nd, 4th, & 5th fingers toward the axial line and assists the lumbricals in flexing the metacarophalangeal joints and extending the interphalangeal joints

314
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the palmar interossei, 1-3?

A

The palmar surfaces of the 2nd, 4th, & 5th metacarpals

315
Q

What is the distal attachment of the palmar interossei, 1-3?

A

The bases of the proximal phalanges and the extensor expansions of the 2nd, 4th, & 5th fingers

316
Q

What is the innervation of the palmar interossei, 1-3?

A

The deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

317
Q

What is the action of the sternohyoid?

A

It depresses the hyoid bone after elevation during swallowing

318
Q

What is the origin of the sternohyoid?

A

The manubrium of sternum and medial end of the clavicle

319
Q

What is the insertion of the sternohyoid?

A

Body of the hyoid bone

320
Q

What is the innervation of the sternohyoid?

A

C1-C3 by a branch of the ansa cervicalis

321
Q

What is the action of the omohyoid?

A

It depresses, retracts, and steadies the hyoid bone

322
Q

What is the origin of the omohyoid ?

A

The superior border of the scapula near the suprascapular notch

323
Q

What is the insertion of the omohyoid?

A

The inferior border of the hyoid bone

324
Q

What is the innervation of the omohyoid?

A

C1-C3 by the branch of the ansa cervicalis

325
Q

What is the action of the sternothyroid?

A

It depresses the hyoid bone and the larynx

326
Q

What is the origin of the sternothyroid?

A

The posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum

327
Q

What is the insertion of the sternothyroid?

A

The oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

328
Q

What is the innervation of the sternothyroid?

A

C2-C3 by a branch of the ansa cervicalis

329
Q

What is the action of the thyrohyoid?

A

It depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynx

330
Q

What is the origin of the thyrohyoid?

A

The oblique line of the thyroid cartilage

331
Q

What is the insertion of the thyrohyoid?

A

The inferior border and greater horn of the hyoid bone

332
Q

What is the innervation of the thyrohyoid?

A

C1 via the hypoglossal nerve

333
Q

What is the action of the longus colli?

A

It flexes the neck

334
Q

What is the superior attachment of the longus colli?

A

The anterior tubercle of the atlas, bodies of C1-C3, and transverse processes of C3-C6 vertebra

335
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the longus colli?

A

Bodies of C5-T3 vertebra and the transverse processes of C3-C5 vertebrae

336
Q

What is the innervation of the longus colli?

A

The anterior rami of C2-C6 spinal nerves

337
Q

What is the action of the longus capitis?

A

It flexes the head on the neck

338
Q

What is the superior attachment of the longus capitis?

A

The basilar part of the occipital bone

339
Q

What is the inferior attachment of the longus capitis?

A

The anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of C3-C6

340
Q

What is the innervation of the longus capitis?

A

Anterior rami of C1-C3 spinal nerves

341
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oculi?

A

It closes the eyelids

342
Q

What is the origin of the orbicularis oculi?

A

The medial orbital margin, medial palpebral ligament, & the lacrimal bone

343
Q

What is the insertion of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Skin around the margin of orbit and superior and inferior tarsi

344
Q

What is the innervation of the orbicularis oculi?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

345
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oris?

A

Closes the mouth and compresses and protrudes the lips

346
Q

What is the origin of the orbicularis oris?

A

Medial maxilla and mandible, deep surface of the peri-oral skin, & angle of the mouth

347
Q

What is the insertion of the orbicularis oris?

A

The muccous membrane of the lips

348
Q

What is the innervation of the orbicularis oris?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Anatomy I (10 decks)

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