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Human Gross Anatomy > Posterior Abdominal Wall (Exam III) > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the physical barrier between the abdominal & pelvic cavities

A

No physical barrier- only arbitrary

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2
Q

What creates the ceiling, floor & walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Ceiling: respiratory diaphragm
Floor: bladder, uterus, rectum (pelvic organs)
Posterior wall: bones of vertebral column (lumbar region) & muscles
Anterolateral wall: connective tissue & muscle

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3
Q

Abdomen + pelvis =

A

One continuous space

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4
Q

Sheet of skeletal muscle & connective tissue that forms a physical barrier between the thorax & abdomen

A

Diaphragm

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5
Q

What vertebra comprise the posterior abdominal wall

A

T12-L5

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6
Q

Where do we consider the posterior abdominal wall to stop at

A

Disc between L5 & sacrum

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7
Q

Hip breaks down into:

A

1- ilium
2- ischium
3- pubis

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8
Q

The inguinal ligament stretches between:

A

Pubic tubercle to iliac spine

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9
Q

Location of the obturator foramen & what passes through it

A

Hole on either side of pubis & passageway for nerves

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10
Q

Part of bony pelvis connected to the sacrum

A

Ilium

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11
Q

Upper margin of ilium that is a blunt, curved long ridge

A

Iliac crest

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12
Q

Concavity below iliac crest, facing midline of body

A

Iliac fossa

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13
Q

Where iliac crest comes to a point

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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14
Q

What do we consider our hip bones

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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15
Q
A

1- iliac crest
2- iliac fossa
3- anterior superior iliac spine
4- inguinal ligament
5- ilium
6- sacrum
7- obturator foramen
8- pubic tubercle

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16
Q

How far does the diaphragm come down into the abdominal cavity

A

Rib 12

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17
Q

Muscle forming a large portion of the posterior abdominal wall

A

Diaphragm

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18
Q

Describe the shape of the diaphragm

A

Highly curved, arching dome

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19
Q

What do the upper abdominal organs attach to:

A

Posterior abdominal wall by sticking to the diaphgram

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20
Q

Two muscles of the posterior abdominal wall that attach to the transverse processes of lumbar vertebra:

A

Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum

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21
Q

What posterior abdominal wall muscles function in lower limb movement:

A

(Muscles that cross the hip joint)
- psoas major
- iliacus

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22
Q

Quadratus lumborum primarily functions in what type of movement:

A

Primarily a lateral flexor

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23
Q

What is the practical function of the quadratus lumborum

A

Trunk stabilization

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24
Q

Long, thick, strong muscle originating from the transverse processes of lumbar vertebra & 12th thoracic vertebra

A

Psoas major

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25
Q

Cylindrical muscle that comes from multiple origins on individual vertebra

A

Psoas major

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26
Q

Muscle that is found in the abdomen & pelvis that acts across hip joint to produce motions of the lower limb (functions mainly in lower limb movement)

A

Psoas major

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27
Q

The psoas major comes down and narrows to a ________ that will cross the hip joint and insert into the ____

A

Tendon
Femur

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28
Q

Muscle on the surface of the psoas major

A

Psoas minor

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29
Q

Thin, mostly fibrous muscle that does NOT cross the hip joint, inserts on the front of the pelvis and may be associated with proprioception and some people dont even have these

A

Psoas minor

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30
Q

Fan-shaped muscle located within the iliac fossa

A

Iliacus

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31
Q

The iliacus crosses the hip joint and functions in ______ limb movement, serving to:

A

Lower
Flex the hip

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32
Q

Two posterior abdominal wall muscle that have the same function

A

Iliacus
Psoas major

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33
Q

Iliacus + psoas major

A

Iliopsoas

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34
Q

Tendons of what posterior abdominal wall muscles fuse together (resulting in there equivalent functions)

A

Iliacus
Psoas major

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35
Q

Muscle of the love back, lateral to the psoas minor

A

Quadratus lumborum

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36
Q

The quadratus lumborum is named for its:

A

Shape and location

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37
Q

What posterior abdominal wall muscle has an origin coming off the iliac crest

A

Quadratus lumborum

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38
Q

The quadratus lumborum has a free lateral margin that:

A

Does not attach to anything

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39
Q

The quadratus lumborum has multiple insertions, including:

A

12th rib
Transverse processes of lumbar vertebra

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40
Q

On the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebra, describe the attachments of the quadratus lumborum and psoas major

A

Psoas major attached infront (anteriorly) to the quadratus lumborum attachments

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41
Q

We tend to use the quadratus lumborum on:

A

One side at a time

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42
Q

When using the QL, we flex the trunk laterally toward:

A

The side where the QL is contracted

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43
Q

Does the QL function in lower limb movement? Why?

A

No
Does not cross hip joint

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44
Q

Origin of quadratus lumborum:

A

Iliac crest

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45
Q

The origin of the QL is considered ______

This is involved in _____ movement

A

Stationary
Teacup

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46
Q

The QL is active when _______ to help stabilize the trunk and help control center of gravity

A

Walking

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47
Q
A

1- diaphragm
2- rib 12
3- iliac crest
4- iliacus
5- psoas minor
6- psoas majro
7- quadratus lumborum

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48
Q

Are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall deep intrinsic back muscles or hypaxial muscles?

A

Hypaxial

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49
Q

Because the posterior abdominal wall muscles are all hypaxial- they are innervated by:

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves

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50
Q

The muscles of the posterior wall require input from:

A

Multiple spinal cord levels

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51
Q

The quadratus lumborum is innervated by:

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerve T12-L5

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52
Q

How many spinal cord levels are responsible for for innervating the quadratus lumborum

A

5

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53
Q

Both the psoas major and minor are innervated by:

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves L1-L3

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54
Q

The iliacus is innervated by:

A

Femoral nerve

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55
Q

Femoral nerve is a combination of spinal cord levels:

A

L2, L3, L4

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56
Q
A

1- quadratus lumborum
2- psoas major
3- iliacus

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57
Q

The psoas major and iliacus tendons fuse together and go ____ to the hip joint

A

Anterior

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58
Q

The psoas major originates off of both:

A

Bodies & transverse processes of lumbar vertebra

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59
Q

Once the tendons of the iliacus and psoas major fuse, where do they attach:

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

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60
Q

All of the muscle of the posterior abdominal wall are anterior to the:

A

Deep intrinsic back muscles

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61
Q

What two muscles are anterior to the quadratus lumborum

A

Iliacus
Psoas major

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62
Q

Origin of the QL:

A

Iliac crest near the midline

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63
Q

The QL inserts and attaches to the:

A

12th rib & transverse processes of lumbar vertebra

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64
Q
A

1- Anterolateral abdominal wall muscles
2- thoracolumbar fascia
3- quadratus fascia
4- psoas fascia

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65
Q
A

1- quadratus
2- iliocostalis
3- longissimus
4- multifidus
5- psoas

66
Q

Envelope that surrounds the deep intrinsic back muscles

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

67
Q

Muscles inside the thoracolumbar lumbar fascia are innervated by:

A

Dorsal ramus of one or more spinal nerves

68
Q

Muscles outside of the thoracolumbar fascia are innervated by:

A

Ventral rami of one or more spinal nerves

69
Q

Thickened epimysium layer covering the psoas major

A

Psoas fascia

70
Q

Location of psoas minor in relative to the psoas fascia

A

Outside

71
Q

Thickened epimysium later surrounding the QL

A

QL fascia

72
Q

Both the psoas major and QL are outside of the thoracolumbar fascia so they are considered to be _____ muscles and innervated by ____

A

Abdominal
Ventral rami

73
Q

What are both the psoas and QL fascia important to

A

Diaphragm

74
Q

The left cruce is attached to

A

L1-L2 vertebra

75
Q

The right cruce is attached to

A

L1-L3 vertebra

76
Q

Posterior attachment of the diaphragm

A

Vertebral bodies (bone)

77
Q

Lateral & anterior attachments of the diaphragm

A

Ribs & costal cartilages

78
Q

Where there is no bone anteriorly (in front) in order to strengthen the attachments of the diaphgram what occurs:

A

Thickened fascia n the form of psoas and QL fascia

79
Q

Three areas in which diaphgram is thickened

A

1- median arcuate ligament
2- medial arcuate ligament
3- lateral arcuate ligament

80
Q

Opening in the midline of the diaphgram is ______
What is the thickened fascia around this:

A

Aortic hiatus
Median arcuate ligament

81
Q

Thickened area of diaphgram that crosses the quadratus lumborum:

A

Lateral arcuate ligament

82
Q

Thicken lower border of diaphragm that crosses the psoas major (contain one on either side)

A

Medial arcuate ligament

83
Q

Connective tissue surrounding the aortic hiatus involving the two crura of the diaphragm

A

Median arcuate ligament

84
Q
A

1- lateral arcuate ligament
2- medial arcuate ligament
3- median arcuate ligament

85
Q

Lumbar plexus is:

A

Set of bilateral nerves made of the ventral rami of T12-L5 spinal nerves

86
Q

Spinal cord levels involved in the ventral rami of the lumbar plexus

A

T12-L5

87
Q

Type of information carried by lumbar plexus:

A

1- somatic motor
2- somatic sensory
3- sympathetics

88
Q

Most of the nerves of the lumbar plexus carry axons from:

A

More than one spinal cord level

89
Q

Plexuses in general are collections of axons that come of the:

A

Ventral rami of spinal nerves

90
Q

The somatic motor axons of the lumbar plexus innervate:

A

Hypaxial derived skeletal muscle

91
Q

The somatic sensory axons of the lumbar plexus innervate/supply:

A

Skin
(Touch, temp, pain & pressure)

92
Q

What axons response to touch, temp, pain and pressure in the skin?

A

Somatic sensory axons

93
Q

Examples of somatic sensation

A

Touch
Temp
Pressure
Pain

94
Q

The sympathetic axons of the lumbar plexus innervate:

A

Visceral body wall structures
(Sweat gland & smooth muscle axons)

95
Q

Why is the lumbar plexus necessary

A

Because the muscles of the lower limbs are larger, they are derived from multiple myotomes which in turn require innervation from the corresponding multiple spinal cord levels

96
Q

A group of muscles innervated by a single spinal cord root

A

Myotome

97
Q

How many myotomes are the muscles of the limbs derived from

A

Multiple

98
Q

The multiple myotomes of the lower limbs require innervation from:

A

Multiple corresponding spinal nerves (multiple levels)

99
Q

Describe the patches of skin supplied by the nerves that come out of the lumbar plexus

A

Bigger, larger, irregular shaped patches of skin
(Not nice and neat)

100
Q

Type of nerves innervating the skin that covers the limbs

A

Somatic sensory

101
Q

The patterns of somatic sensory supply to the skin of the lower limbs differs when comparing it to:

A

Dermatomes to nerves

102
Q

In the limbs we need to make more complex, larger muscle and we do this by combining _____ together during development

A

Somites

103
Q

Motion when you pick up limb and move it forward

A

Flexion of hip

104
Q

Motion when you straighten a limb and move it backwards (posteriorly)

A

Extension of hip

105
Q

Motion when you move a limb laterally away from midline (outward)

A

Abduction of hip

106
Q

Motion when you move limb laterally inward toward the midline

A

Adduction of hip

107
Q

Bend in knee by swinging leg and foot posteriorly

A

Flexion of knee

108
Q

When leg and knee are straightened out in line with hip

A

Extension of knee

109
Q

We have ventral rami that come out fron T12-L5 of spinal cord and as soon as these ventral rami get out of the posterior abdominal wall they:

A

Establish connections b/w them

110
Q

The connections of the ventral rami are making nerves that will be able to:

A

Supply muscles from multiple spinal cord levels

111
Q

The whole point of having the lumbar plexus:

A

To make big nerves from multiple spinal cord levels that can supply big muscles and big areas of skin

112
Q

The subcostal nerve is associated with _____ ventral ramus

A

T12

113
Q

The subcostal nerve is basically a ______ however its named differently because of its inferior location

A

Intercostal nerve

114
Q

What type of nerve is the subcostal nerve:

A

Mixed

115
Q

type of information does the subcostal nerve carries:

A

1- somatic motor
2- somatic sensory
3- sympathetic

116
Q

The somatic motor function of the intercostal nerves innervates:

A

Abdominal wall muscles

117
Q

The somatic sensory function of the subcostal nerve innervates:

A

T12 dermatome of abdominal wall

118
Q

The sympathetic function of the subcostal nerve innervates:

A

Sweat glands, cutaneous vasculature of smooth muscle that needs supply from autonomics

119
Q

Superior branch of nerve coming out of L1 ventral ramus

A

Iliohypogastric nerve

120
Q

Inferior branch of nerve coming out of L1 ventral ramus

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

121
Q

The L1 nerve is considered to be what type of nerve:

A

mixed

122
Q

The L1 nerve carries what type of information:
(both superior & inferior branches)

A

1- somatic motor
2- somatic sensory
3- sympathetics

123
Q

what are the two branches of the L1 nerve of the lumbar plexus

A

iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal

124
Q

what branch of the L1 nerve is most superior

A

iliohypogastric

125
Q

what does the somatic motor component of the L1 nerve innervate (both iliohypogastric & iliioinguinal branches)

A

muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

126
Q

what does the somatic sensory component of the L1 nerve innervate (both iliohypogastric & iliioinguinal branches)

A

L1 dermatome

127
Q

what does the sympathetic component of the L1 iliohypogastric nerve innervate (both iliohypogastric & iliioinguinal branches)

A

L1 dermatome

128
Q

The iliohypogastric branch of the L1 spinal nerve tends to stay above the _____ up into the ____

A

iliac crest
abdominal wall

129
Q

The ilioinguinal branch of the L1 spinal nerve tends to extend downward further to:

A

medial & anterior portions of the thigh & external genitalia

130
Q

what branch of the L1 spinal nerve extends downward more inferiorly & is longer

A

ilioinguinal branch of the L1 nerve

131
Q

Nerve combing axons from L1-L2

A

genitofemoral nerve

132
Q

genitofemoral nerve is unusual because (2):

A

males & females have different combinations of axons in this nerve

passes through psoas major

133
Q

in females, the genitofemoral nerve contains what type of axons:

A

sensory + small amount of sympathetics

134
Q

in males, the genitofemoral nerve contains what type of axons:

A

mainly motor + small amount of sympathetics

135
Q

the genitofemoral nerve innervates:

A

skin of external genitalia & skin on medial part of thigh

136
Q

due to the genitfofemoral nerve has the presence of motor axons in males but not in females implies:

A

males have an addition muscle that females do not have

137
Q

because the genitofemoral nerve passes through the psoas major, any damage to this muscle has the risk of causing:

A

compression of the nerve

138
Q

nerve that runs under the inguinal ligament & right across the iliacus

A

lateral-femoral cutaneous nerve

139
Q

the lateral-femoral cutaneous nerve is a combination of spinal cord levels:

A

L2-L3

140
Q

In both sexes, the lateral-femoral cutaneous nerve contains purely _____ axons with a little bit of ____ axons

A

sensory
sympathetics

141
Q

nerve that innervates patch of skin on the lateral part of the thigh

A

lateral-femoral cutaneous nerve

142
Q

very large nerve responsible for supplying a lot of motor innervation to the lower limb muscles

A

femoral nerve

143
Q

the femoral nerve is made of axons coming from what spinal cord segments:

A

L2, L3, L4

144
Q

the femoral nerve is considered a _____ nerve

A

mixed

145
Q

the somatic motor portion of the femoral nerve innervates:

A

muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

146
Q

the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh function to:

A

1- act as hip flexors
2- knee extension

147
Q

what motion describes the actions of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

kicking a ball

148
Q

the somatic sensory component of the femoral nerve innervates:

A

skin that coves the anterior compartment thigh muscles

149
Q

the ____ component of the femoral nerve innervates the surrounding skin

A

sympathetic

150
Q

nerve that comes off of the same spinal cord levels as the femoral nerve

A

Obturator nerve

151
Q

obturator nerve combines axons from what spinal cord levels

A

L2, L3, L4

152
Q

Obturator nerve comes down into the ____ and through the ____

A

pelvis; obturator foramen

153
Q

obturator nerves ends up in the:

A

medial compartment of thigh (part of thigh facing midline)

154
Q

obturator nerve functions in the innervation of the medial compartment of thigh which is involved in what motion:

A

adduction of hip (moving back towards midline)

155
Q

lumbosacral trunk combines axons from:

A

L4 & L5

156
Q

contributes to the sciatic nerve

A

lumbosacral trunk

157
Q

the lumbosacral trunk is considered to be a _____ nerve, carrying _____ axons

A

mixed
motor, sensory, sympathetic

158
Q

the sympathetic trunk extends from _____ to ____

A

thorax down into abdomen

159
Q

the sympathetic trunk contains ______ that run infront of psoas major and transverse processes of vertebra

A

paravertebral ganglia

160
Q
A

1- subcostal
2- iliohypogastric
3- ilioinguinal
4- lateral femoral cutaneous
5- genitofemoral
6- femoral
7- sympathetic trunk
8- lumbosacral trunk
9- obturator

161
Q

Tuberculosis is caused by a bacteria in the lungs but has a tendency to spread to the:

A

Spine

162
Q

When TB spreads to the spine it will can cause pockets of pus to form between the vertebra often called:

A

Miliary tuberculosis

Human Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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