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Human Gross Anatomy > Anterolateral abdominal Wall (Exam III) > Flashcards

Anterolateral abdominal Wall (Exam III) Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal wall layer that is the most external

A

Skin

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2
Q

Two layers that comprise the skin

A

Epidermis & dermis

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3
Q

Fascia layers that are specific to the anterior abdominal wall and do not extend beyond it

A

Campers & Scarpas fascia

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4
Q

Fatty layer of loose connective tissue with cutaneous nerves, lymphatics and vessels running through it; where subcutaneous fat is stored

A

Campers fascia

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5
Q

Short term weight loss/gain the abdominal wall layer that responds to this is:

A

Campers fascia

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6
Q

Fatty superficial fascial layer

A

Campers fascia

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7
Q

Membranous layer of superficial fascia in the anterior abdominal wall

A

Scarpas fascia

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8
Q

Scarpas fascia is extremely ____ and gets pierced by lymphatics, vessels and nerve

A

Extremely thin

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9
Q

In the abdominal wall layers, the skeletal muscle is organized into:

A

Three layers

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10
Q

Names of the layers of skeletal muscle in the abdominal wall

A

External, Internal, Innermost

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11
Q

The skeletal muscle layers of the anterior abdominal wall are described as:

A

Broad, flat sheets

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12
Q

Connective tissue layer about the thickness of a sheet of paper that lines the entire abdominal cavity just below the skeletal muscle

A

Transversalis fascia

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13
Q

Fat located between the tissue layers of the anterior abdominal wall that does not response to short term weight loss/gain & is a fraction of an inch thick

A

Extraperitoneal fat

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14
Q

Between Campers fascia and exztraperitoneal fat- what responds most to weight loss or gain

A

Camper’s fascia

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15
Q

Deepest layer that lines abdominal and pelvic cavities - a thin slippery secreting membrane

A

Parietal peritoneum

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16
Q

Parietal peritoneum is there to form a _____ layer for organs to move over in a ____ environment

A

Lubricated; frictionless

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17
Q

The skin, Camper’s fascia, Scarpa’s fascia

A
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18
Q
A

1- Skin
2- Camper’s fascia
3- Scarpia’s fascia
4- Three muscular layers (external, internal, innermost)
5- Transversalis fascia
6- Extraperitoneal fat
7- Parietal peritoneum
8- Abdominal organs

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19
Q

Parietal peritoneum is extremely:

A

Pain sensitive

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20
Q

The abdominal organs are in contact with ____ and located in a space called _____

A

Parietal peritoneum; Peritoneal cavity

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21
Q
A

1- Linea alba
2- Skin
3- Camper’s fascia
4- Scarpa’s fascia
5- Parietal peritoneum
6- Extraperitoneal fascia
7- Transversalis fascia
8- Transversus abdominus muscle
9- Internal oblique muscle
10- External oblique muscle

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22
Q

Tendonous ribbon connective tissue structure running from the xyphoid process down to the pubic symphysis; a site of insertion for many anterior abdominal wall muscles

A

Linea alba

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23
Q

An additional abdominal muscle that does not belong to any of the three basic layers that is only seen in the abdomen; considered the fourth muscle of the abdomen

A

Rectus abdominis muscle

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24
Q

Fibers of the rectus abdominis are oriented ______ and run _____ to ______

A

Vertically
Inferior to superior

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25
Q

Describe the width of the rectus abdominis

A

3x wider at top than bottom

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26
Q

Rectus abdominis origin:

A

Pubis

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27
Q

Rectus abdominus instertion (2):

A

Costal cartilage
Xiphoid process

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28
Q

How does the rectus abdominis function:

A

Flexes abdomen forward
(Xiphiod process and costal cartilages pulled down toward pubic symphysis)

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29
Q

Most important muscle for abdominal flexion

A

Rectus abdominis

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30
Q

On the anterior surface of the rectus abdominis we will see a tendinous insertion of the muscle to the:

A

Overlying connective tissue

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31
Q

The overlying connective tissue envelope containing the rectus abdominis

A

Rectus sheath

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32
Q

Due to there lack of solid structure around the rectus abdominis, it will get some extra mechanical advantage in the form of:

A

Four tendinous insertions

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33
Q

Four tendinous insertions of the rectus abdominis connect it to:

A

Overlying connective tissue

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34
Q

There is a spatial relationship of the costal margin and the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis that serve as:

A

Surface anatomy indicator of where the gallbladder is

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35
Q

Fibers of the external abdominal oblique run:

A

Downward & inward (hands in pockets)

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36
Q

The external oblique contains a giant flat tendon that is a connective tissue sheath that goes all the way to the midline called:

A

Aponeurosis

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37
Q

Does the external abdominal oblique muscle itself make it to the midline

A

No

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38
Q

External abdominal oblique origin:

A

Laterally on ribcage

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39
Q

External abdominal oblique insertion of lower fibers:

A

Anterior superior iliac spine

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40
Q

In the front portion of the external abdominal oblique is where the right and left side muscle attach to each other, knitting together to form:

A

The linea alba

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41
Q

Describe lower margin of external abdominal oblique

A

Free, thickened lower margin

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42
Q

Thickened lower margin of external abdominal oblique

A

Inguinal ligament

43
Q

The inguinal ligament spans from:

A

Anterior superior iliac spine down to pubis

44
Q

The internal abdominal oblique is in the same plane as:

A

Internal intercostals above

45
Q

Fibers of the internal abdominal oblique are not parallel because they are in the a:

A

Fan shape

46
Q

Internal abdominal oblique’s small, restricted origin:

A

Anterior, superior iliac spine

47
Q

The lower fibers of the internal abdominal oblique originate from the deep surface of the ______

A

Inguinal ligament

48
Q

The internal abdominal oblique contains a ____ as it moves toward the midline

A

Aponeurosis

49
Q

The left and right aponeurosis of the the internal abdominal oblique will knit together in the midline and their attachment will stretch the whole linea alba from the ____ to ____

A

Xiphoid process to pubic symphysis

50
Q

Innermost muscle of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Transversus abdominis muscle

51
Q

The transverus abdominis muscle gets its name from the fact that many of its fiber are:

A

Horizontal

52
Q

The origin of the transversus abdominis muscle is posteriorly on the:

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

53
Q

Addition fibers of the transverus abdominis have have an origin that includes (3):

A

Iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine
Inguinal ligament

54
Q

In the transversus abdominis muscle, going from the midline we will see:

A

An aponeurosis

55
Q

The left and right muscles of the transversus abdominis will meet at the _____ and stretch from _____ to _____

A

Linea alba
Xiphoid process to pubis

56
Q

Describe the lower margin of the transversus abdominis

A

High arching lower border

57
Q

What lines the abdominal wall in all places there is overlying abdominal muscle

A

Transversalis fascia

58
Q

The bottom free lower margin of the transversalis fascia will correspond with the:

A

Overlying inguinal ligament

59
Q

The external and internal abdominal oblique, the rectus abdominus, and transversis abdominis (and transversalis fascia) all stop at the:

A

Inguinal ligament

60
Q

A gap forms below the:

A

Inguinal ligament

61
Q

What is not present in the gap below the inguinal ligament

A

Anterior abdominal wall

62
Q

The purpose of the gap below the inguinal ligament with no abdominal wall is for:

A

Iliopsoas, big vessels, and parts of the lumbar plexus to pass through to escape body cavity and reach lower limb

63
Q

The aponeurosis for each of the muscular layers fuse together at the:

A

Linea alba

64
Q

The aponeurosis for the three muscle layer that are coming around to the front form a connective tissue envelope containing:

A

Rectus abdominis muscle

65
Q

The connective tissue envelope housing the rectus abdominis muscle

A

Rectus sheath

66
Q

Describe the relationship between aponeurosis and rectus abdominis in a general sense

A

Top 3/4 different than bottom 1/4

67
Q

In the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, the external abdominal oblique’s aponeurosis runs _____ to the rectus abdominis

A

Superficial

68
Q

In the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, the internal abdominal oblique’s aponeurosis runs _____ to the rectus abdominis

A

1/2 superficial
1/2 deep

69
Q

The _____ and _____ aponeurosis combine to form a 1.5 thick layer that runs superficial to the rectus abdominis

A

EAO & IAO (top 1/2)

70
Q

In the upper 3/4 of the rectus sheath, the transversus abdominus’s aponeurosis runs ____ to the rectus abdominis

A

Deep

71
Q

The _____ and _____ aponeurosis combine to form a 1.5 thick layer that runs deep to the rectus abdominis

A

IAO (Bottom 1/2) & Transversus abdominis

72
Q

In the lower 1/4 of the rectus sheath, all aponeurosis go ______ to the rectus abdominis

A

Superficial

73
Q

What does NOT participate in the rectus sheath & is always deep to everything

A

Transversalis fascia

74
Q

The lower margin boundary where the deep half of the rectus abdominis stops; below this boundary we see transversalis fascia and exztraperitoneal fat

A

Arcuate line

75
Q

Motor nerve that supplies intercostal muscles

A

Intercostal nerve

76
Q

Describe what the path of the lower intercostal nerves:

A

Extend out of the intercostal spaces and into the anterior abdominal wall

77
Q

Responsible for most of the motor and sensory innervation for the overlying skin of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Intercostal nerves

78
Q

All ventral rami from ______ to ______ will be the ______ supply for the anterior abdominal wall skin

A

T7-L1
Sensory

79
Q

Sensory innervation of skin over the anterior abdominal wall is provided by:

A

Ventral rami

80
Q

Sensory innervation of the skin over the anterior abdominal wall is provided by ventral rami of the (3):

A

Lower 5 incostal nerves (T7-11)
Subcostal nerve (T12)
Iliohypogastric/Ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

81
Q

The lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-T11)
The subcostal nerve (T12)
The iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

Provide what type of innervation to the anterior abdominal wall and to what:

A

Somatic sensory innervation to the skin over the anterior abdominal wall

Somatic motor innervation to the anterior abdominal wall muscles

82
Q

Arteries in the rectus sheath run ____ to the muscle

A

Deep

83
Q

Epigastric artery that comes down to the rectus abdominis from above and tends to be smaller

A

Superior epigastric artery

84
Q

Epigastric artery that comes up to the rectus abdominis from below and tends to be larger

A

Inferior epigastric artery

85
Q

Where do the superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomose

A

On deep surface of rectus abdominis

86
Q

The superior epigastric artery is the terminal branch of the:

A

Internal thoracic artery

87
Q

The inferior epigastric artery comes from a vessel called the:

A

External iliac artery

88
Q

There is an additional anastomosis between the superior and inferior epigastric arteries and:

A

Intercostal arteries

89
Q

For lymphatic drainage we draw a horizontal arbitrary line through the:

A

Umbilicus

90
Q

Lymph from skin above the umbilicus (including the back and upper limbs) drains into:

A

Axillary nodes

91
Q

Lymph from the skin below the umbilicus (Including the back, pelvis, perineum and lower limb) drains into:

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

92
Q

The axillary nodes are located in the:

A

Armpits

93
Q

The inguinal nodes are located:

A

Underneath the inguinal ligament and above and infront of the hip joint

94
Q

The anterior abdominal wall muscles function to based on if they are used:

A

Unilaterally or bilaterally

95
Q

Flexion of the trunk (bending it forward) occurs when the anterior abdominal muscles are used:

A

Bilaterally

96
Q

Lateral flexion occurs when the anterior abdominal muscles are used:

A

Unilaterally

97
Q

When lateral flexion occurs, we will flex toward the side that is:

A

Actively contracting

98
Q

Rotation or twisting motion occurs when the anterior abdominal wall muscles are used:

A

Uniliaterally

99
Q

When twisting or rotating the trunk will go towards the side in which the muscle are:

A

Activated

100
Q

Less obvious functions of the anterior abdominal muscles are related to:

A

Changes in intraabdominal pressure

101
Q

Forceful expiration, coughing and sneezing are due to changes in the intraabdominal pressure that force the viscera towards the:

A

Diaphragm

102
Q

Urination, defecation as well as a woman bearing down during labor function due to changes in intraandominal pressure that force the viscera:

A

Downward towards the pelvis

103
Q

Stabilization of the trunk during strenuous physical effort is accomplished by drawing air into lungs, closing epiglottis and stiffening the trunk to make it more rigid is called:

A

Valsalva’s maneuver

Human Gross Anatomy (9 decks)

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