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GIGU Midterm > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four muscles of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

psoas major/minor, iliacus, quadratus lumborum, diaphragm

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2
Q

where does the psoas major/minor and iliacus insert onto?

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

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3
Q

what is the innervation of the psoas major/minor muscle?

A

anterior rami of L1-L3

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4
Q

what is the innervation of the iliacus muscle?

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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5
Q

what is the origin of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

A

the iliolumbar ligament and the lip of the iliac crest

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6
Q

what is the insertion of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

A

the medial half of the inferior surface of the 12th rib

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7
Q

what is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum muscle?

A

anterior rami of T12, L1-L4

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8
Q

what is the common presentation of a psoas abscess?

A

back or flank pain, fever, limp, inguinal mass; lower abdominal pain that is exacerbated by extending the thigh (psoas sign)

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9
Q

what are some causes of a psoas abscess?

A

disease of organs (TB spread into the abdomen), cancers, or infections deep to psoas fascia

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10
Q

what are the three ligaments of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

medial arcuate ligament, lateral arcuate ligament, median arcuate ligament

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11
Q

what is the medial arcuate ligament?

A

fascial thickening of the psoas fascia

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12
Q

what is the lateral arcuate ligament?

A

fascial thickening of the quadratus lumborum muscle

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13
Q

what is the median arcuate ligament?

A

the tendinous arch of the crura of the diaphragm-crosses the aorta

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14
Q

what are the unpaired arteries of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, median sacral artery

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15
Q

where does the IVC begin?

A

anterior to L5 and to the right

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16
Q

what are tributaries?

A

corresponding veins of paired visceral and parietal branches of the aorta

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17
Q

where does the left gonadal vein empty into?

A

the left renal vein, which then empties into the IVC

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18
Q

what are the three openings of the diaphragm?

A

the caval opening, the esophageal hiatus, and the aortic hiatus

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19
Q

where is the caval opening located?

A

T8 level

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20
Q

what goes through the caval opening?

A

the IVC and the right phrenic nerve

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21
Q

where is the esophageal hiatus?

A

T10 level

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22
Q

what goes through the esophageal hiatus?

A

the esophagus and the anterior and posterior vagal trunks

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23
Q

where is the aortic hiatus?

A

T12 level

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24
Q

what passes through the aortic hiatus?

A

aorta, thoracic duct, and sometimes the azygos and hemiazygos veins

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25
Q

What are the three parts of the muscular diaphragm?

A

muscular portion, central tendon, and the crura

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26
Q

what are the parts of the muscular portion of the diaphragm?

A

the sternal part, the costal part, and the lumbar (crural) part

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27
Q

where does the costal part of the diaphragm attach?

A

to the inferior 6 costal cartilages- this is the largest portion

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28
Q

which crura of the diaphragm is larger?

A

the right crus

29
Q

what arteries supply the superior side of the diaphragm?

A

the musculophrenic and the pericardiophrenic artery and the superior phrenic artery

30
Q

what do the musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic arteries branch off of?

A

the internal thoracic artery

31
Q

what does the superior phrenic artery branch off of?

A

the thoracic aorta

32
Q

what arteries supply the inferior side of the diaphragm?

A

the inferior phrenic artery and the intercostal branches for the peripheral diaphragm

33
Q

what does the inferior phrenic artery branch off of?

A

the abdominal aorta

34
Q

what causes a hiatal hernia?

A

weakening of the muscular diaphragm

35
Q

where are the kidneys located?

A

retroperitoneally- lying about T12-L3 level

36
Q

which kidney is lower?

A

the right one

37
Q

what is the renal hilum?

A

it is the entrance to the renal sinus

38
Q

posteriorly , where do the superior parts of the kidney lie?

A

deep to the 11th and 12th ribs

39
Q

posteriorly, where is the left kidney hilum located?

A

near the transpyloric plane

40
Q

posteriorly, where does the transpyloric plane run through the right kidney?

A

the superior pole of the right kidney

41
Q

posteriorly, where is the inferior pole of the right kidney located?

A

an index finger superior to the iliac crest

42
Q

what muscle lies posterior to the largest part of the kidney?

A

the quadratus lumborum

43
Q

what nerves are susceptible to damage if you are resecting the kidney?

A

the iliohypogastric nerve and the ilioinguinal nerve

44
Q

what is the layer of fat that is surrounding the kidney?

A

perinephric fat

45
Q

what is just outside of the perinephric fat?

A

the renal fascia

46
Q

what is just outside of the renal fascia?

A

paranephric fat

47
Q

what is found in the renal hilum?

A

the renal artery and the renal vein

48
Q

what is the space in the kidney that is filled with some of the perinephric fat called?

A

the renal sinus

49
Q

what is it called where the ureter expands into a funnel-like shape?

A

renal pelvis

50
Q

where does the renal pelvis collect urine from?

A

The major calyx

51
Q

what makes up the renal medulla?

A

renal pyramids

52
Q

what sits between the renal pyramids and makes up the renal cortex?

A

the renal columns

53
Q

what is found at the tips of the renal pyramids?

A

the renal papilla

54
Q

what does the ureter connect?

A

the renal pelvis to the bladder

55
Q

where are common potential sites of obstruction in the ureter?

A

the junction of the ureter with the renal pelvis, at the point of the crossing of the pelvic brim, and the point where the ureter enters the bladder wall

56
Q

what can be used to detect an obstruction of the ureter?

A

a pyelogram

57
Q

what is the blood supply to the suprarenal glands?

A

superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal arteries

58
Q

where are all the lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall collected into?

A

the cisterni chyli

59
Q

what is the cisterni chyli the beginning of?

A

the thoracic duct

60
Q

where does the subcostal nerve come from?

A

the anterior rami of T12

61
Q

where does the iliohypogastric nerve come from?

A

the anterior rami of L1

62
Q

where does the ilioinguinal nerve come from?

A

the anterior rami of L1

63
Q

where does the genitofemoral nerve come from?

A

the anterior rami of L1 and L2

64
Q

where does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve come from?

A

the anterior rami of L2 and L3

65
Q

where does the femoral nerve come from?

A

the anterior rami of L2, L3, and L4

66
Q

where does the obturator nerve come from?

A

the anterior rami of L2, L3, and L4

67
Q

where does the lumbosacral trunk come from?

A

L4 and L5

68
Q

what is the innervation of the suprarenal glands?

A

preganglionic sympathetic from T10-L1; celiac plexus and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

GIGU Midterm (19 decks)

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