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GIGU Midterm > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

where is the transpyloric plane found?

A

at the level of L1

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2
Q

what is found at the level of the transpyloric plane?

A

gall bladder fundus, pylorus, pancreatic neck, SMA origin, hepatic portal vein

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3
Q

where is the subcostal plane found?

A

it passes the inferior border of the 10th costal cartilage

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4
Q

what is found at the level of the subcostal plane?

A

transverse colon

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5
Q

where is the transtubercle plane found?

A

between the iliac tubercles

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6
Q

what is found at the level of the transtubercle plane?

A

iliocecal junction

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7
Q

where is the interspinous plane found?

A

between ASIS

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8
Q

what is found at the level of the interspinous plane?

A

appendix and sigmoid colon

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9
Q

how high can the abdominopelvic cavity extend?

A

as high as the 4th intercostal space

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10
Q

what separates the abdomen from the pevis?

A

the imaginary border of the pelvic inlet

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11
Q

what is the abdominopelvic cavity lined by?

A

peritoneum

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12
Q

What is found directly under the integument of the abdomen?

A

camper’s fascia

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13
Q

what is found under camper’s fascia?

A

scarpa’s fascia

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14
Q

What makes up scarpa’s fascia?

A

connective tissue

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15
Q

what is scarpa’s fascia continuous with?

A

Colle’s fascia of perineum

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16
Q

what is the first layer of abdominal muscles?

A

external obliques

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17
Q

how do the external obliques run?

A

in a downward medial direction

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18
Q

what are the external obliques innervated by?

A

the ventral rami of T7-12 of the intercostal nerves

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19
Q

What is the second layer of abdominal muscles?

A

internal oblique muscle

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20
Q

how do the internal oblique muscles run?

A

upward and medially

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21
Q

some fibers of the internal oblique muscles follow the spermatic cord to make what?

A

the cremasteric muscle

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22
Q

what are the internal obliques innervated by?

A

by T7-12 and L1

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23
Q

What is the third layer of abdominal muscles?

A

transverse abdominis muscle

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24
Q

what is the transverse abdominis muscle innervated by?

A

T7-L1

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25
Q

what is the rectus abdominis muscle innervated by?

A

T7-T12

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26
Q

when talking about the rectus sheath, how does the external oblique aponeurosis run?

A

it is always anterior to the rectus abdominis

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27
Q

when talking about the rectus sheath, how does the internal oblique aponeurosis run?

A

it splits in the upper 3/4s but it is all anterior in the lower 1/4th

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28
Q

when talking about the rectus sheath, how does the transversus abdominis aponeurosis run?

A

it is posterior to the rectus abdominis except in the lower 1/4th

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29
Q

what is the area of sharp transition where all the EO, IO, and TA aponeuroses become anterior to the rectus abdominis muscle?

A

the arcuate line

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30
Q

below the arcuate line, what is the rectus abdominis muscle in contact with?

A

the transversalis fascia

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31
Q

the iliohypogastric nerve is a branch off of what?

A

the ventral rami of L1

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32
Q

what is the role of the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

motor supply to the IO and the TA; sensory supply to the upper inguinal and hypogastric region

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33
Q

the ilioinguinal nerve is a branch off of what?

A

the ventral rami of L1

34
Q

what is the role of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

motor supply to the lower IO and TA muscle; sensory to the lower inguinal, anterior scrotum/labia, medial thigh

35
Q

what artery runs along the inguinal ligament?

A

the superficial circumflex iliac artery

36
Q

what artery runs deep along the inguinal ligament?

A

the deep circumflex iliac artery

37
Q

what artery runs posterior to the rectus abdominis muscle?

A

inferior epigastric artery

38
Q

what does the inferior epigastric artery anastomose with?

A

the superior epigastric artery

39
Q

the superior epigastric artery is a terminal branch of what artery?

A

the internal thoracic artery

40
Q

superficial vessels superior to the umbilicus drain into what?

A

axillary nodes

41
Q

superficial vessels below the umbilicus drain into what?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

42
Q

how is the inguinal ligament made?

A

it is basically the rolled-under inferior border of the external oblique muscle aponeurosis

43
Q

what is the inguinal ligament attached to?

A

to the ASIS and pubic tubercle

44
Q

what is the conjoint tendon?

A

it is the combined aponeurosis of the inferior/medial margins of internal oblique and transversus abdominal muscle inserting onto the pubis

45
Q

what is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

the external opening within the aponeurosis for the spermatic cord or round ligament

46
Q

what is the ligament between the pubic rami and inguinal ligament; it anchors the inguinal ligament to the pubis

A

lacunar ligament

47
Q

what is the continuation of fibers from lacunar ligament running along the pectin pubis?

A

the pectineal ligament

48
Q

what nerve traverses the inguinal canal and exits the superficial ring lateral to the spermatic cord?

A

the ilioinguinal nerve

49
Q

what is the role of the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve?

A

motor function to the cremasteric muscle and sensory function to a small part of the medial thigh and scrotal/labial fascia

50
Q

what are the false ribs?

A

ribs 8, 9, and 10

51
Q

what is scarpa’s fascia fused with?

A

the fascia lata of the lower limb

52
Q

What surrounds the superficial inguinal ring?

A

crural fibers- medial crus, lateral crus, and intercrural fibers

53
Q

Where do the gonads form originally?

A

near the T10 axial level

54
Q

what are the gonads connected to?

A

to the future scrotal swellings by the gubernaculum

55
Q

what is the outpocketing of the peritoneal cavity called?

A

processus vaginalis

56
Q

what represents the remains of the processus vaginalis around the testes?

A

the tunica vaginalis

57
Q

as the spermatic cord develops, what are the layers of the abdominal wall that are carried with it?

A

transversalis fascia, internal oblique, and external oblique

58
Q

when does the communication between the peritoneum and the scrotum close?

A

within the first year postnatally

59
Q

what is the medical term for an undescended testis?

A

cryptorchid testis

60
Q

what is a person with a cryptorchid testis at risk for?

A

developing testicular cancer

61
Q

What does the transversalis fascia make in the spermatic cord?

A

the internal spermatic fascia

62
Q

what does the internal oblique make in the spermatic cord?

A

the cremasteric muscle

63
Q

what does the external oblique make in the spermatic cord?

A

external spermatic fascia

64
Q

What are the contents found within the spermatic cord?

A

vas deferens, testicular artery, testicular vein, gonadal nerves, and gonadal lymphatics

65
Q

what is a persistent processus vaginalis?

A

it is a patent connection between the tunica vaginalis and abdomen

66
Q

what is a hydrocele?

A

it is when peritoneal fluid accumulates within the tunica vaginalis

67
Q

how is a hydrocele detected?

A

transillumination

68
Q

what is a hematocele?

A

an accumulation of blood in the tunica vaginalis; opaque to light

69
Q

where does the gubernaculum attach to during ovarian descent?

A

to the developing uterus

70
Q

what does the gubernaculum form in females?

A

ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus

71
Q

what is the route of the round ligament of the uterus?

A

it enters the deep ring and exits the superficial inguinal ring attaching to the labial swellings

72
Q

what are the contents of the female inguinal canal?

A

round ligament of the uterus, ilioinguinal nerve, and the genitofemoral nerve of the genital branch

73
Q

where is the lymphatic drainage from the scrotum?

A

it drains into the superficial inginal nodes and will eventually travel into the iliac and lumbar lymph nodes

74
Q

where is the lymphatic drainage for the testes?

A

into the lumbar and pre-aortic lymph nodes

75
Q

What causes the lateral umbilical fold?

A

inferior epigastric artery

76
Q

what causes the medial umbilical fold?

A

the obliterated umbilical arteries

77
Q

what causes the median umbilical fold?

A

the obliterated urachus

78
Q

what makes up the inguinal (hasselbach’s) triangle?

A

the inguinal ligament, the lateral border of rectus abdominis, and the lateral umbilical fold

79
Q

what is a direct hernia?

A

it is medial to the inferior epigastric artery; the peritoneum/transversalis fascia is alongside the spermatic cord

80
Q

what is an indirect hernia?

A

it enters the deep ring; the peritoneum is within the spermatic cord

81
Q

what is a femoral hernia?

A

it is below the inguinal ligament

GIGU Midterm (19 decks)

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