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GIGU > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Psoas abscess

A

Back pain, fever, limp, inguinal mass
Can be caused by diseases of organs (e.g., TB spread into abdomen), cancers (adenocarcinomas), infections deep to psoas fascia
Lower abdominal pain exacerbated by extending thigh - psoas sign

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2
Q

Median arcuate ligament

A

Tendinous arch of crura of diaphragm, unites right and left crura, crosses aorta

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3
Q

Medial arcuate ligament

A

Fascial thickening of the psoas fascia; spanning lumbar body and tip of L1 TP
Lateral to median arcuate ligament

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4
Q

Lateral arcuate ligament

A

Fascial thickening of quadratus lumborum running from L1 TP to tip of 12th rib

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5
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Begins anterior to L5 and right of medial plane, passes through caval hiatus of diaphragm
Ascending lumbar and azygos veins connect the SVC and IVC, either directly or indirectly
Venous return from abdominal viscera returns via portal venous system/hepatic vein

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6
Q

Paired visceral tributaries of IVC

A

Suprarenal v., renal v., gonadal v.

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7
Q

Paired parietal tributaries of IVC

A

Inferior phrenic v., 3rd/4th lumbar v., common iliac v.

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8
Q

Caval opening of diaphragm location/contents

A

T8
IVC
Right phrenic nerve

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9
Q

Esophageal hiatus location/contents

A

T10
Esophagus
Anterior/posterior vagal trunks

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10
Q

Aortic hiatus location/contents

A 
T12
Aorta
Thoracic duct
Sometimes azygos and hemiazygos veins
Opens up b/w right/left crus
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11
Q

Arteries on superior side of diaphragm

A

Musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic (from internal thoracic aorta)
Superior phrenic

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12
Q

Arteries on inferior side of diaphragm

A

Inferior phrenic artery (off abdominal aorta)

Intercostal branches for peripheral diaphragm

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13
Q

Psoas major and minor OIN

A

O- TP and sides of vertebral bodies of T12-L5
I- Tendon to lesser trochanter of femur
N- anterior rami of L1-L3

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14
Q

Iliacus OIN

A

O- superior 2/3rds iliac fossa, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments
I- lesser trochanter and shaft below
N- femoral nerve

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15
Q

Quadratus lumborum OIN

A

O- medial half of inferior surface of 12th rib, tips of lumbar TPs
I- iliolumbar ligament and lip of iliac crest
N- anterior T12, L1-L4

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16
Q

Para-esophageal hiatal hernia

A

Pouch of peritoneum and stomach fundus extends through esophageal hiatus usually anterior to esophagus
Gastric regurgitation usually does not occur as cardiac portion is normal
-Can be caused by weakening of muscular diaphragm

17
Q

Sliding hiatal hernia

A

Abdominal esophagus, cardiac, and portion of fundus extends through esophageal hiatus
Regurgitation of stomach contents possible
-Can be caused by weakening of muscular diaphragm

18
Q

Kidney location - anterior aspect

A

Retroperitoneal lying about T12-L3

Kidney lower on right

19
Q

Kidney location- posterior aspect

A

Posteriorly, superior parts lie deep to 11th and 12th ribs
Left kidney hilum near transpyloric plane
TP plane runs through superior pole of right kidney
Inferior pole of right kidney is approximately index fingers breadth superior to iliac crest

20
Q

Nerves running posterior to kidney

A

Subcostal- protected by 12th rib
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal

21
Q

Periphrenic fat

A

Adjacent kidney capsule (perirenal fat capsule)

Extends into renal pelvis

22
Q

Renal fascia

A

Covers fat enveloping kidney and suprarenal gland
Blends and ensheaths renal vessels
Superiorly continuous with inferior diaphragmatic fascia

23
Q

Paraphrenic fat

A

External to renal fascia

24
Q

Ureter location

A

Run inferiorly from renal pelvis passing over pelvic brim and along lateral pelvic wall and running posterior to ductus deferens (male) and uterine artery (female)

25
Q

Potential sites of ureter constriction/obstruction

A

Junction of ureter with renal pelvis
Crossing of pelvic brim
Entering bladder wall

26
Q

What is a pyelogram

A

X-ray of ureter enhanced with contrast media

27
Q

Right suprarenal gland location

A

Lies near right crus, right kidney and IVC

28
Q

Left suprarenal gland location

A

Lies near left crus, spleen, stomach, pancreas

29
Q

Blood supply to suprarenal glands

A

Superior suprarenal from inferior phrenic artery
Middle suprarenal from abdominal aorta
Inferior suprarenal from renal artery

30
Q

Innervation of suprarenal glands

A

Preganglionic sympathetic from T10-L1

Celiac plexus and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

31
Q

Common iliac nodes receive from, drain to

A

From external/internal iliac nodes

Drain into lumbar lymph nodes

32
Q

Lumbar lymph nodes location, receive from/drain to

A

Run along both sides of IVC and aorta
Receive from posterior abdominal wall and posterior pelvic wall and organs
Form lumbar lymphatic trunks

33
Q

Pre-aortic lymph nodes

A

Forming intestinal lymphatic trunks draining from alimentary tract, liver, spleen, pancreas

34
Q

Cisterni chyli

A

Collects from all aforementioned lymph nodes

Is the beginning of thoracic duct

GIGU (21 decks)

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