Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GIGU > GI Organs > Flashcards

GI Organs Flashcards

1
Q

Esophagus path/landmarks

A

Passes through esophageal hiatus at T10
Enters stomach at the cardiac orifice at T11
Cardiac notch separates esophagus from fundus of stomach
Inferior esophageal sphincter- physiological, not anatomical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Esophageal constrictions

A

Superior- level of cricoid cartilage/juncture with pharynx
Middle- crossed by aorta and left main bronchi
Inferior- diaphragmatic sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Para-esophageal hiatal hernia

A

Cardia of stomach in normal position

Peritoneum and fundus of stomach protrude superiorly and small pouch becomes anterior to esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sliding hiatal hernia

A

Esophagus, cardia of stomach and fundus of stomach protrude through esophageal hiatus - small portion of these structures become superior to diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Greater curvature of stomach

A

Inferior border- greater omentum attaches here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lesser curvature of stomach

A

Superior border- lesser omentum attaches here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stomach anterior relations

A

Abdominal wall
Left costal margin
Diaphragm
Left lobe of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stomach superior relations

A

Left dome of diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Stomach posterior relations

A 
Lesser sac
Pancreas
Transverse mesocolon
Transverse colon
Left kidney/suprarenal gland
Spleen/splenic artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Truncal vagotomy

A

Denervates nerve supply to all of stomach plus most of GI tract and liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proximal gastric vagotomy

A

Denervates branches of vagus nerve going only to the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Selective proximal vagotomy

A

Denervates specific area of stomach in which parietal cells are located (fundus and cardia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Duodenum parts 1-4

A

Begins at pylorus and ends at duodenojejunal junction (L2)
1st part- intraperitoneal, 1” long, travels superior and to the right, associated with hepatoduodenal ligament
2nd part- retroperitoneal, 3-4”
3rd part- retroperitoneal, 4”
4th part- retroperitoneal, 1”, joins with jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Anterior relations to 2nd part of duodenum

A

Gallbladder (fundus)
Right lobe of liver
Transverse colon
Coiled small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Posterior relations to 2nd part of duodenum

A

Hilum of right kidney

Right ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lateral relations to 2nd part of duodenum

A

Right colic flexure
Ascending colon
Right lobe of liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Medial relations to 2nd part of duodenum

A

Head of pancreas

Bile and pancreatic ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anterior relations to 3rd part of duodenum

A

Root of mesentery of small intestine
Superior mesenteric vessels within mesentery
Coils of jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Posterior relations to 3rd part of duodenum

A

Right ureter
Right psoas major
Inferior vena cava
Aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Superior relations to 3rd part of duodenum

A

Head of the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inferior relations to 3rd part of duodenum

A

Coils of jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Posterior relations to 4th part of duodenum

A 
Left crus of diaphragm
Left psoas major
Left sympathetic trunk
Left renal vessels
Left gonadal vessels
Left supra renal vein
Inferior mesenteric vein
23
Q

Right side relations to 4th part of duodenum

A

Uncinate process of pancreas

24
Q

Left side relations to 4th part of duodenum

A

Left kidney and ureter

25
Q

Superior relations to 4th part of duodenum

A

Body of pancreas

26
Q

Jejunum location, definition, blood supply

A

Left upper quadrant, intraperitoneal, supported by mesentery
Proximal 2/5s of small intestine
Mesenteric fat increases from proximal to distal
Has circular folds (plicae circulares)
Supplied by arterial arcades with long vasa recta

27
Q

Ileum location, definition, blood supply

A

Right lower quadrant, intraperitoneal, supported by mesentery
Distal 3/5s of small intestine
Supplied by arterial arcades with short vasa recta

28
Q

The mesentery description

A

Attaches jejunum and ileum to posterior body wall
Contains superior mesenteric a/v, lymph nodes, fat and autonomic nerves
Crosses 3rd/4th parts of duodenum, aorta, IVC, right ureter, right psoas major and right gonadal A/V
Conveys nutrition and innervates the gut

29
Q

Colon description, features

A

Cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon
5’ long
Begins at ileocecal junction
Has 3 tenia coli (longitudinal bands of smooth muscle), haustra and appendices epiploicae (store fat)

30
Q

Cecum

A 
Blind pouch (intraperitoneal) continuous with ileum and ascending colon
Contains ileal papilla (cone-like projection of ileum)
Ileocecal valve regulates passage of ileal contents into cecum
31
Q

Appendix

A

Attached to posterior-medial part of cecum and supported by mesoappendix
Position is variable
Contains several lymphoid nodules

32
Q

Ileal (Meckels) diverticulum

A

Congenital anomaly located 50cm from ileocecal junction in adults
May be free, or attached to umbilicus
May become inflamed and mimic pain produced by acute appendicitis

33
Q

Ascending colon

A

8-10” in length
Continuous with cecum and transverse colon at right colic flexure
Retroperitoneal organ, adjacent to right paracolic gutter

34
Q

Transverse colon

A

Intraperitoneal with length 10-14”
Suspended by transverse mesocolon
Continuous with descending colon at right colic flexure

35
Q

Descending colon

A

Retroperitoneal- left paracolic gutter is lateral to descending colon
Continuous with sigmoid colon

36
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

12”
Continuous with rectum at level of S3
Suspended by sigmoid mesocolon

37
Q

Volvulus of sigmoid colon

A

Involves rotation and twisting of the mobile loop of the sigmoid colon and mesocolon
Results in obstruction of the lumen of the descending colon and any part of sigmoid colon proximal to twist
Obstipation and ischemia of the looped portion may result
Acute surgical emergency

38
Q

Rectum

A

Both retroperitoneal and subperitoneal
Located in pelvic cavity
Contains 3 transverse rectal folds
Continuous with anal canal

39
Q

Anal canal

A

Internal sphincter- smooth muscle
External sphincter- skeletal muscle
Contains anal columns, anal valves and anal sinuses
Pectinate line- located at inferior ends of anal valves

40
Q

Spleen

A

Left upper quadrant or left hypochondriac region
Between stomach and diaphragm
Intraperitoneal organ
Attached to gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments

41
Q

Anterior/posterior/inferior spleen relationships

A

Has a diaphragmatic surface facing diaphragm
Anterior- fundus of stomach
Posterior- left suprarenal gland and kidney
Inferior- tail of pancreas and left colic flexure

42
Q

Pancreas head/neck/tail/uncinate process

A

Head- lies in curvature of duodenum
Neck-indistinct, joins head to body, overlies superior mesenteric artery
Tail- located within the splenorenal ligament, its tip is adjacent to hilum of spleen
Uncinate process- adjacent to head; superior to third part of duodenum

43
Q

Pancreatic ducts

A

Main duct- begins in tail and courses to head. Usually joined by accessory duct in head. Contains the sphincter of the main pancreatic duct, which prevents bile entering the pancreas. Joins common bile duct
Accessory duct- may have separate opening in the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla

44
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Formed by union of common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

Associated with sphincter of Oddi and major duodenal papilla

45
Q

Anterior pancreas relationships

A

Lesser sac (omental bursa) and stomach

46
Q

Posterior pancreas relationships

A 
Aorta
IVC
Splenic V
Common bile duct
Right crus of diaphragm
Left kidney and vessels
Left suprarenal gland
Superior mesenteric a/v
47
Q

Right/left/inferior pancreas relationships

A

Right- duodenum 2nd part
Left- spleen
Inferior- duodenum 3rd part

48
Q

Liver location

A

Right lobe in upper right quadrant or epigastric and right hypochondriac regions
Left lobe located in upper left quadrant

49
Q

What determines functional lobes of the liver

A

Based on the division of the portal triad and the blood supply

50
Q

Coronary ligaments of liver

A

Reflection of visceral peritoneum from liver to the respiratory diaphragm; surrounds bare area of liver

51
Q

Hepatoduodenal ligament

A

Passes from porta hepatis to duodenum first part; contains proper hepatic a., hepatic portal v., common bile ducts, lymphatic vessels and hepatic nerves

52
Q

Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver

A

Characterized by hepatomegaly and “hobnail” appearance of liver surface, resulting from fatty changes and fibrosis

53
Q

Gall stones “cholelithiasis”

A

Made of cholesterol crystals
Can be lodged in cystic duct, hepatic duct or hepatopancreatic ampulla
Blockage of hepatopancreatic ampulla blocks both common bile ducts and main pancreatic duct, results in bile backing up into pancreas causing pancreatitis

GIGU (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions