Blood and Nerves - Innervation of Viscera

Question 1

Blood supply to foregut

Answer 1

Coeliac trunk (branch of abdominal aorta)

Question 2

Esophagus BS

Answer 2

Left gastric artery

Question 3

Stomach BS

Answer 3

Left/right gastric
Left/right gastroepiploic
Splenic artery
Posterior gastric artery
Short gastric artery
Gastroduodenal artery

Question 4

Duodenum BS proximal to bile duct

Answer 4

Gastroduodenal artery

Pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 5

Liver BS

Answer 5

Hepatic portal vein

Question 6

Hepatic bile ducts BS

Answer 6

Proper hepatic artery

Question 7

Gall bladder/cystic duct BS

Answer 7

Cystic artery

Question 8

Pancreas BS

Answer 8

Gastroduodenal artery
Pancreaticoduodenal arteries
Splenic artery

Question 9

Spleen BS

Answer 9

Splenic artery

Question 10

Midgut BS

Answer 10

Superior mesenteric artery (branch of abdominal aorta)

Question 11

Duodenum BS

Answer 11

Pancreaticoduodenal arteries from SM (superior mesenteric)

Question 12

Jejunum BS

Answer 12

Intestinal arteries from SM

Question 13

Ileum BS

Answer 13

Intestinal arteries from SM

Ileocolic artery from SM

Question 14

Cecum BS

Answer 14

Ileocolic artery from SM

Question 15

Appendix BS

Answer 15

Appendicular artery from SM

Question 16

Ascending colon BS

Answer 16

Ileocolic artery from SM

Right colic artery from SM

Question 17

Transverse colon proximal 2/3, distal 1/3rd BS

Answer 17

Both supplied by middle colic artery from SM

Question 18

Hindgut BS

Answer 18

Inferior mesenteric artery (branch of abdominal aorta)
Internal iliac artery
Internal pudendal artery

Question 19

Descending colon BS

Answer 19

Left colic artery from IM

Question 20

Sigmoid colon BS

Answer 20

Sigmoidal arteries from IM

Question 21

Rectum proximal BS

Answer 21

Superior rectal artery from IM

Question 22

Rectum middle/distal BS

Answer 22

Middle- Middle rectal artery from Internal iliac

Distal- Inferior rectal artery from internal pudendal

Question 23

Anal canal BS

Answer 23

Inferior rectal artery from internal pudendal

Question 24

Parasympathetic contributions to abdominal viscera

Answer 24

CN III, VII, IX, X

S2-S4 pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 25

Greater splanchnic nerves ganglion and targets

Answer 25

T5-T9 Synapse in coeliac ganglion in posterior mediastinum Supplies esophagus, stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, biliary system, duodenum and greater omentum

Question 26

Lesser splanchnic nerves ganglion and targets

Answer 26

T10-T11 Superior mesenteric ganglion in abdomen Post ganglionics distributed with branches of the superior mesenteric artery Jejunum, ileum, caecum, ascending/transverse colon

Question 27

Least splanchnic nerves ganglion and targets

Answer 27

T12 Aorticorenal ganglion in abdomen Distributed with renal arteries to the kidney

Question 28

First and second lumbar splanchnic nerves

Answer 28

Terminate in intermesenteric plexus on anterior surface of abdominal aorta PG fibers distributed w/branches of inferior mesenteric artery to descending colon, sigmoid colon and proximal rectum

Question 29

Third and fourth lumbar splanchnic nerves

Answer 29

Enter superior hypogastric plexus, on distal abdominal aorta | Post ganglionic fibers in hypogastric plexus are distributed to the ureter

Question 30

Pre ganglionic fibers in hypogastric plexus

Answer 30

Travel by way of the hypogastric nerves to the inferior hypogastric plexus on the anterior surface of sacrum Post ganglionic fibers from this plexus are distributed w/branches of the internal iliac artery to the organs of the pelvic cavity and perineum

Question 31

Sacral splanchnic nerves

Answer 31

Preganglionic sympathetic nerves from S1-S5 terminate in the inferior hypogastric plexus Postganglionic fibers from there are distributed via branches of the internal iliac artery to organs of the pelvic cavity and perineum

Question 32

Vagus nerve

Answer 32

Preganglionic fibers from dorsal motor nucleus terminate in the enteric plexus in walls of stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine caecum, ascending and transverse colon Post ganglionic fibers are distributed to smooth muscle/glands in the organs listed

Question 33

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 33

Preganglionic fibers originate in S2-S4 and synapse in the enteric plexus of descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal, urogenital organs and structures in the urogenital triangle of the perineum

Question 34

Enteric nervous system

Answer 34

Regulates most activity in the distal esophagus, stomach, intestines, pancreas and biliary system

Question 35

Myenteric plexus

Answer 35

Regulates motility, vasomotion of muscle layers and secretion of gastric glands

Question 36

Submucosal plexus

Answer 36

Prominent in small intestine Involved in exocrine/endocrine secretion, vasomotion (blood flow to regulate water/electrolyte movement) and immune activity

Question 37

Sensory function

Answer 37

Within the ENS are sensory neurons which detect hunger, satiety, nausea and pain