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GIGU > Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Right upper quadrant organs

A 
Liver-right lobe
Gallbladder
Pylorus of stomach
Duodenum parts 1-3
Head of pancreas
Right suprarenal gland
Right kidney
Right colic flexure
Ascending colon- superior part
Transverse colon- right half
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2
Q

Left upper quadrant organs

A 
Liver- left lobe
Spleen
Stomach
Jejunum and proximal ileum
Body and tail of pancreas
Left kidney
Left suprarenal gland
Left colic flexure
Transverse colon- left half
Descending colon- superior part
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3
Q

Right lower quadrant organs

A 
Cecum
Appendix
Most of ileum
Ascending colon- inferior
Right ovary
Right uterine tube
Right ureter- abdominal part
Right spermatic cord- abdominal part
Uterus (if enlarged)
Urinary bladder (if full)
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4
Q

Left lower quadrant organs

A 
Sigmoid colon
Descending colon- inferior part
Left ovary
Left uterine tube
Left ureter- abdominal part
Left spermatic cord- abdominal part
Uterus (if enlarged)
Bladder (if full)
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5
Q

Transpyloric plane level/organs

A 
L1 level
Gall bladder fundus
Pyloris
Pancreatic neck
Hepatic portal vein
Root of transverse mesocolon
Hila of kidneys
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6
Q

Subcostal plane level/organs

A

Passes inferior border of 10th costal cartilage

Level of transverse colon

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7
Q

Transtubercle plane level/organs

A

B/w iliac tubercles

Level of ileocecal junction

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8
Q

Interspinous plane level/organs

A

B/w ASIS

Level of appendix, sigmoid colon

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9
Q

Abdominopelvic cavities

A

Includes abdomen and pelvis
B/w thoracic diaphragm and pelvic diaphragm
Can extend as high as 4th intercostal space
Abdomen separated from pelvis by imaginary border of pelvic inlet
Walls are mostly bone, muscle and CT
Lined by peritoneum

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10
Q

Anterolateral abdominal wall

A

Mostly muscle and aponeurosis
Boundaries- upper 7-10 costal cartilages – lower inguinal ligament and pelvic bones
Outer layer- skin, campers fascia and Scarpas fascia

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11
Q

Campers fascia

A

Fatty layer of superficial fascia

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12
Q

Scarpas fascia

A

Membranous fascia underlying CT layer of superficial fascia
Continuous with Colles fascia of perineum but fused with fascia lata of lower limb
Fluid cannot go from abdominal wall into leg but can flow into or out of superficial perineum (colles fascia is superficial perineal fascia)

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13
Q

External oblique muscle OINA

A

O- outer surface of lower 6 ribs
I- anterior iliac crest and pubic tubercle
Lower portion rolled under to make inguinal ligament from ASIS-pubic tubercle- makes opening of superficial inguinal ring
N- Ventral rami of T7-12 intercostal nerves
A- compresses abdomen and increase intra-abdominal pressure, move trunk/retain posture

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14
Q

Internal oblique muscle OINA

A

O- iliac crest and some thoracolumbar fascia
I- Lower 10-12 ribs, aponeurosis, linea alba and pubic crest
Some fibers follow spermatic cord to make cremasteric muscle
N- T7-12/L1 intercostal nerves
A- compresses and supports viscera, laterally flexes and rotates

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15
Q

Transversus abdominis muscle OINA

A

O- Lower 7-12 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
I- linea alba, pectin pubis and pubic crest
N- T7-L1 intercostal nerves
A- compresses and supports viscera

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16
Q

Rectus abdominis muscle OINA

A 
O- pubic symphysis and pubic crest
I- xiphoid process and outer surface of 5-7 intercostal cartilages
Forms part of rectus sheath
N- T7-12 ventral rami intercostal nerves
A- flexes abdomen and compresses it
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17
Q

Linea semilunaris

A

Lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle

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18
Q

Rectus sheath

A

Made of fascia and aponeurosis of muscles encompassing RA
External oblique aponeurosis is always anterior
Internal oblique aponeurosis splits in upper 3/4 but is anterior in lower 1/4
Transversus abdominis is posterior except in lower 1/4

19
Q

Arcuate line

A

Sharp transition where all EO, IO and TA aponeurosis become anterior to rectus abdominis muscle
So below this line the rectus abdominis is in contact with transversalis fascia

20
Q

Thoracoabdominal nerves

A

T7-T11 continuation of intercostal nerve
Both motor and sensory
Run b/w TA and IO muscles

21
Q

Subcostal nerve

A

T12
Runs along inferior 12th rib
Motor; sensory is superior to iliac crest

22
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve

A

L1
Runs b/w 2nd/3rd muscle layers
Motor to IO and TA, sensory to upper inguinal/hypogastric region

23
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve

A

L1
Motor to lower IO and TA muscles
Sensory to lower inguinal, anterior scrotum/labia, near medial thigh

24
Q

Lumbar arteries origin

A

Abdominal aorta

25
Q

Superficial epigastric arteries origin

A

Femoral artery

26
Q

Superficial circumflex iliac origin/path

A

Femoral artery- runs along inguinal ligament

27
Q

Deep circumflex artery origin/path

A

External iliac artery

Runs along inguinal ligament

28
Q

Inferior epigastric artery origin/path

A

External iliac artery
Runs posterior to rectus abdominis, anterior to posterior rectus sheath
Anastomosis with superior epigastric artery

29
Q

Superior epigastric artery origin

A

Terminal branch of internal thoracic artery

30
Q

Median umbilical fold origin

A

Forms from obliterated urachus

31
Q

Medial umbilical fold origin

A

Obliterated umbilical arteries

32
Q

Lateral umbilical fold origin

A

Fold due to Inferior epigastric artery

33
Q

Supravesicular fossa

A

Gutter on either side of upper bladder

34
Q

Medial inguinal fossa

A

Gutter lateral to medial umbilical folds

35
Q

Lateral inguinal fossa

A

Gutter lateral to lateral umbilical folds

36
Q

Superficial vessels superior to umbilicus drain where

A

Into axillary nodes, with a few going to parasternal nodes

37
Q

Superficial vessels below umbilicus drain where

A

Superficial inguinal nodes

38
Q

Deep lymph vessels

A

Accompany deep veins of abdominal wall such as external and internal iliac veins

39
Q

Subcostal incision

A

Access to gall bladder and biliary tract and spleen

40
Q

Midline incision

A

Can be made rapidly, very few blood vessels or nerves near

41
Q

Paramedian incision

A

Opens anterior sheath, push rectus muscle aside laterally and enter peritoneum

42
Q

Gridline (McBurneys point) incision

A

Muscle splitting, typical of appendectomy

43
Q

Suprapubic incision

A

Used in most gynecological/obstetrical surgeries

GIGU (21 decks)

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