Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SF3- EXAM 3 (Camelita) > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What the possible consequence of a psoas abscess?

A

Damage to the lumbar plexus because it is found within the psoas major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List some of the problems that can be caused by the psoas.

A
  • Low back pain
  • Sacroiliac pain
  • Sciatica
  • Disc problems
  • Spondylolysis
  • Scoliosis
  • Hip degeneration
  • Knee pain
  • Menstruation pain
  • Infertility
  • Digestive problems
  • Pelvic tilt
  • Leg length discrepancies
  • Kyphosis
  • Lumbar lordosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Origin, blood supply and innervation to diaphragm

A

Blood supply: Inferior phrenic arteries

Innervation: Phrenic nerves (C3, C4, AND C5)

Origin: Sternal (@ xiphoid process)

Costal: At the lower six ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The muscles of the diaphragm arise from somite level _____ to ___.

A

3;5

NOTE: The muscular fibers may be grouped according to their origins into three parts: sternal, costal, and lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sphincter-like arrangement of the ________ acts as a “lower esophageal sphincter”

A

Right crus fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lateral arcuate ligament

A

Runs from L1 transverse process to Rib 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Medial arcuate ligament

A

Runs from L1 transverse process to L1 vertebral body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Median arcuate ligament

A

Unites left and right crura of diaphragm insertion: central tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland? What is secreted by each, respectively?

A
  • Adrenal cortex
    • ​Mineral corticoids
    • Glucocorticoids
    • Sex hormones
  • Adrenal Medulla
    • Epinephrine
    • Norepinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What three arteries supply the adrenal gland?

A

Right and left superior suprarenal arteries

  • Branch of right and left inferior phrenic arteries

Right and left middle suprarenal arteries

  • Branch of abdominal aorta

Right and left inferior suprarenal arteries

  • Branch of renal artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which organs have the greatest blood supply per gram of tissue?

A

Adrenal gland

Thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Venous drainage of the adrenal glands is achieved via the ________.

A

Suprarenal veins

NOTE: The suprarenal veins may form anastomoses with the inferior phrenic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What the three constrictions of the ureters?

A
  • Ureteropelvic junctions
  • Pelvic inlet
  • Entrance to bladder
18
Q

What nerves make up the lumbar plexus?

A

Lumbar plexus (L1-L4)

  • Iliohypogastric nerve
  • Ilioinguinal nerve
  • Genitofermoral nerve
  • Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
  • Femoral nerve
  • Obturator nerve
  • Lumbosacral trunk

NOTE: The lumbar plexus constitutes the somatic nervous system

19
Q

Components of the sympathetic trunk

A
  • Lumbar splanchnic nerves
  • Celiac plexus
  • Superior mesenteric plexus
  • Renal plexus
  • Inferior meseneric plexus
  • Aortic plexus
  • Hypogastric plexus

NOTE: The sympathetic trunk constitutes the autonomic nervous system

20
Q

Branches of the abdominal aorta

A

Unpaired

  • Celiac trunk
  • Superior mesenteric artery
  • Inferior mesenteric artery
  • Median sacral artery

Paired

  • Inferior phrenic arteries
  • Middle supra-renal arteries
  • Renal arteries
  • Gonadal arteries
  • Lumbar arteries
  • Common iliac arteries
21
Q

Label

A
22
Q

What is the significance of the azygos vein and its attachment points?

A
  • The azygos vein is conencting to the systems of the superior and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for blood to the right atrium when either the vena cava are blocked
23
Q

What is the major function of the kidneys?

A
  • Maintain blood purity by removing:
    • Nitrogen compounds
      • Urea
      • Uric acid
      • Creatinine
    • Excessive ions thus maintaining electrolyte balance
      • K+
      • H+
    • Toxins
24
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Right kidney is lower
  • Between T12 and L3
25
Q

Which nerves cross the the kidneys?

A
  • Subcostal
  • iliohypogastric
  • Ilioinguinal

NOTE: Damage of the subcostal, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves during kidney transplant may result in paralysis of the lower abdominal wall and hernia

26
Q

Label

A
27
Q

Label

A
28
Q

Label

A
29
Q

Label

A
30
Q

What is the course of the ureters?

A
  • Run posterioinferiorly on the lateral wall of the pelvis
  • External to the parietal peritoneum
  • Anterior to the internal iliac aa.
  • They curve anteromedially to ender the posteriosuperior angle of the bladder
31
Q

Nerves to the kidney and ureters arise from the ________.

A

Renal plexus

NOTE: The renal plexus consists of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers. The plexus is supplied by fibers fro m the thorasic splanchnic n., mostly least splanchnic nerve.

32
Q

How is a ureter stone passes?

A

Smooth muscle of the ureter produce intense peristaltic contractions.

NOTE: Dilation of the pelvis and calyces

33
Q

What are the presentations of hydronephrosis due to congenital pelviureteric obstruction?

A
  • Marked dilation of the renal pelvis
  • The proximal 1/3 of the ureter was atrophic with a pinpoint microscopic lumen
  • Patient presents with abdominal pain
34
Q

Where is the kidney usually placed in cases of kidney donation?

A

Iliac Fossa

NOTE: It is often necessary to use a different blood supply. The renal artery is often connected to the external iliac artery in the recepent. The renal vein is often conencted to the external iliac vein in the recipient.

35
Q

Label

A
36
Q

Where is the bladder located in females?

A

Anterior and inferior to the uterus

37
Q

Why does urinary frequency and urgency increase during pregnancy?

A

The enormous uterus limits the expansion of the bladder

38
Q

What’s the difference between the internal and external uretheral sphincters?

A

Internal urethral sphincter

  • Circular smooth muscle

External urethral sphinter

  • Skeletal muscle
39
Q

Label

A
40
Q

The urethra passes through the ________ in males.

A

Prostate gland

*Prostate tumors may occlude the urethra

41
Q

Benign prostate hypertrophy

A
  • Enlargement of the inner part of the gland, most median lobe, by action of testosterione
  • Swelling of the uvula, leads to compression of the internal urethral orifice, which leads to intermittent retention of urine

NOTE: This occurs mostly in aged men, where there is a frequency to urinate, however urine cannot be expelled

42
Q

Why are females more prone to UTIs?

A

Becuae of the location of the urethra, proximal to the vagina, and the shortness of the urethra

SF3- EXAM 3 (Camelita) (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions