Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SF3- EXAM 3 (Camelita) > Anterior Abdominal Wall and Hernia > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall and Hernia Flashcards

1
Q

Ingunial fold

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The neck of the gall bladder is found at the intersection of the ___________ and __________.

A

costal margin & linea semilunaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The ____________ and____________ planes divide the abdomen into quadrants.

A

Transumbilical & Median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 9 abdominal regions?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Palpation

A

Press deply to feel the organs underneath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping areas to find areas of gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ausculation during percussion

A

To find solid areas or areas of gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lymphatic drainage below the umbilicus goes to the __________ node.

A

Superficial inguinal lymph node

NOTE: This is includes the gluteal region and the lower part of the anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lymphatic drainage above the umbilicus goes to the __________ node.

A

Anterior axillary lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Directly posterior to the umblicus are which intervertebral disk?

A

L3 and L4

NOTE: If the person has a larger stomach this may be lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The ________ is the boundary between the rectus abdominis and the lateral musculature.

A

Linea simulunaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is the central region of the 9 abdominal regions important?

A
  • It contains the epigastrium, umbilical region, and hypogastrium
    • These are important for referred pain. When you have pathologies or pain from the GI tract the stimulated visceral afferent fibers refer pain to the midline to one of the three regions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which is the main prgan found in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen?

A

Stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sensory fibers from the stomach to the duodenum return to spinal segments ___,_ and ______.

A

T5, T6, AND T7

Note: Pain from here is referred to the epigastrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sensory fibers from the jejunum to the right colic flexure return to spinal segments ____, ______, and ______.

A

T8,T9, and T10

Note: Pain from here is reffered to the umbilical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sensory fibers from the transverse colon to the rectum return to spinal segments _____, ____, and ___.

A

T11, T12, and L1

Note: Pain from here is referred to the hypogastrium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Scarpa’s fascia is continous with Colles’ and Dartos fascia in the perineum. What is the significance of this?

A
  • Scarpa’s fascia continues and surrounds the shaft of the penis and the scrotum (this is Dartos fascia).
  • The penile urethra can become ruptured and will release blood and fluid that will follow from the point of leakage to the umbilicus. It dissects its way through the fascial layers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where may urine from a ruptured penile urethra flow into?

A
  1. Superficial perineal pouch
  2. Scrotum
  3. Penis
  4. Anterior abdominal wall to the umbilicus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Label

A
21
Q

The ________ is where the aponeurosis of the obliques and the transerse abdominal muscles insert.

A

Linea alba

22
Q

Above the arcuate line, the fscia of the internal oblique is split, going anterior and posterior to the rectus abdominis to form the ________.

A

Rectus sheath

NOTE: Below the arcuate line, the fascias of the abdominal muscles go anterior to the rectus abdominis to form the rectus sheath.

23
Q

What are the 9 layers of the anterior abdominal wall?

A
  1. Skin
  2. Camper’s fascia
  3. Scarpa’s fascia
  4. External oblique
  5. Internal oblique
  6. Transverse abdominis
  7. Endoabdominal fascia
  8. Subserous space
  9. Parietal peritoneum
24
Q

What is the importance of the subserous space?

A

This fat-filled extraperitoneal space provides a surgical plane for accessing retroperitoneal orans withiout opening the peritoneal cavity. Known as the space of Bogros

25
Q

Function of abdominal muscles

A
  1. Movements
  2. Valsalva maneuver and voiding
  3. Expiration
  4. Protection and “guarding”
26
Q

What are the three movements produced by the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A
  • Rotation
  • Lateral bending
  • Flexion
27
Q

With common insertions into the linea alba, the external and internal abdominal obliques act like a _________ muscle.

A

common digastric muscle

*Allows for rotation

28
Q

Contraction of abdominal muscles increases intra-abdominal pressure in the Valsalva maneuver. This is necessary for voiding contents in:

A
  1. Urination
  2. Defecation
  3. Vomiting
  4. Parturition (childbirth)

NOTE: Babies born without these abdominal muscles can’t do these basic functions

29
Q

Muscles of respiration

A
30
Q

The abdominal muscles are involved in forced expiration by _______.

A

Fixing and/or depressing the ribs

31
Q

When is muscle rigidity seen?

A

Can be detected during palpation. Muscle rigidity occurs when muscles contract to protect or “guard” deep structures that are inflamed or injured

32
Q

What areas should a surgeon be aware of?

A
  1. Organ location
  2. Direction of muscle fibers
  3. Nerves
  4. Arteries
  5. Langer lines
33
Q

The appendix is deep to this is most individuals.

A

McBurney’s point

34
Q

How is McBurney’s point?

A
  1. Find the umbilicus
  2. Palpate the right anterior superior iliac spine
  3. Draw an imaginary line between these twio points
  4. Divide the line into thirds
  5. The lateral third is McBurney’s point
35
Q

Why should muscle fibers be split and not cut?

A

This will damage the muscle fibers causign necrosis. It also increases the potential for herniation. It is better to dissect and separate the muscle fibers so that the cells remain in tact.

36
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of (a part of) an organ through a wall that normally contains it

37
Q

Inguinal hernia

A
  • Testes develop embryologically in the upper abdomen
  • The peritoneum herniates through the antero-lateral abdominal wall forming the process vaginalis
  • The testis descend through the anteriolateral abdominal wall to the scrotum (and labium majorum in females), forming the inguinal canal
  • The process vaginalis and inguinal canal obliterates
    • Sometimes the opening can persist
38
Q

What are the components of the inguinal canal?

A
  • Deep inguinal ring (entrance)
  • Superficial inguinal ring (exit)

NOTE: When the testes go through the anterior abdominal wall they form the inguinal canal.

39
Q

What are the three coverings to the testis and the spermatic cord?

A
  • External spermatic fascia
    • ​Continuation of the external abdominal oblique
  • Cremaster muscle
    • Extensions of the internal abdominal oblique
  • Internal spermatic fascia
    • ​Continous with the internal abdominal oblique

Note: When the testes descend they go through the inguinal canal without poking a hole in the muscles. The fascia muscle fibers extend and complete surround the testes and spermatic cord.

40
Q

The deep inguinal ring is lateral to the ___________ artery.

A

Inferior epigastric artery

41
Q

What are the borders of the inguinal triangle?

A
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Inferior epigastric artery
  • Inguinal ligament
42
Q

Where do inguinal hernias occur?

A
  • Inguinal triangle
  • Deep inguinal ring
43
Q

What are the two types of inguinal hernia?

A
  • Indirect inguinal hernia- goes through the deep inguinal ring
  • Direct inguinal hernia- Goes through the inguinal triangle

NOTE: Indirect inguinal hernia is the most common

44
Q

A _____ (direct/indirect) hernia passes straight through the abdominal wall without transversing the inguinal canal.

A

Direct

NOTE: The gut herniates directly through the inguinal triangle, medial to the inferior epigastric artery

45
Q

A ______ (direct/indirect) hernia traverses the abdominal wall by passing indirectly through the inguinal canal.

A

Indirect

NOTE: The gut herniates lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

46
Q

What are some other types of hernias?

A
  • Hernia of the linea alba (epigastric hernia)
  • Umbilical hernia
    • Area of weakness in the abdominal wall
  • Incisional hernia
    • ​Nerves or blood supply are compromised during surgery. The muscles are weakened allowing herniation to occur
  • Hernia of the linea semilunaris

*Inguinal hernia is the most common hernia in the abdominal wall by far

47
Q

How is the cremaster reflex elicited?

A

Stroking the ipsilateral inner thigh with a tongue depressor gloved hands, resulting in the elevation of the testicle through contraction of the cremasteric muscle

48
Q

Which nerve is being tested by the cremasteric reflex?

A

Genitofemoral nerve (L1 and L2)

49
Q

The cremaster muscle pulls the testis up to regulate _____ and for _______.

A

Temp; protection

SF3- EXAM 3 (Camelita) (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions