Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SF4 Exam I > Posterior Abdomen > Flashcards

Posterior Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Quadratus Lumborum (origin, insertion, action, innervation)

A

O: lumbar ligament, posterior part of iliac crest
I: Lower border 12th rib, transverse processes of upper 4th lumbar vertebrae
A: Bends trunk laterally, fixes 12th rib during inspiration
N: T12, L1-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Psoas Major (origin, insertion, action, innervation)

A

O: lumbar vertebrae- transverse processe, sides of bodies, and intervertebral discs
I: lesser trochanter of femur (as iliopsoas tendon)
A: flexes thigh and trunk
N: L2-L4 via lumbar plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Psoas Minor (origin, insertion, action, innervation)

A

O: T12 and L1- transverse processes, sides of bodies, and intervertebral discs
I: iliopubic eminemce
A: weak flexor of trunk
N: L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Iliacus (origin, insertion, action, innervation)

A

O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter (iliapsoas tendon)
A: flexes trunk
N: L2-L4 (femoral n.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diaphragm (what is it)

A

musculotendinous sheath that separates abdominal and thoracic cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

were does the diaphragm insert?

A

central tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the central tendon (whats it derived from)

A

aponeurosis of muscle

derived from the embryonic septum transversum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sternal origin of the diaphragm

A

two small muscular slips off xiphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

costal origin of diaphragm

A

lower 6 rips (major part of diaphragm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

lumber origin of the diaphragm

A

right and left crura (legs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

right and left crura (legs) of diaphragm (what are they where do they each originate)

A

musculotendinous band that originates from the anterior surface of:
right crus- the upper three vertebrae
left crus- upper two vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the right crus gives rise to what?

A

suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what crus is longer?

A

right crus is longer than the left crus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what unites the crura and where

A

median arcuate ligament

anterior to aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lateral arcuate ligament (what is it)

A

superior thickening of quadrates lumborum fascia that overlies quadrates lumborum muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the arcuate ligaments are continuations of what fascia?

A

transversalis fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the opening for the inferior vena cava pierces the diaphragm at what level and where?

A

T8

central tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

during inspiration what happens to the inferior vena cava

A

diaphragm conracts and dilates the vena canva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the inferior vena cava foramen contains what?

A

inferior vena cava and branches of right phrenic nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

esophageal hiatus is at what spinal level and where in the diaphragm?

A

T10

encircled by right crus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Aortic hiatus is located at what spinal level and where

A

T12

posterior to diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what passes through the esophageal hiatus

A

esophagus
anterior and posterior vagal trunks
esophageal branches of left gastric vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what passes through the aortic hiatus

A

aorta
thoracic duct
azygous vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The diaphragm gets its blood supply from what arteries (and where do they branch from)

A

musculophrenic- internal thoracic
pericardiacophrenic- internal thoracic
superior phrenic- thoracic aorta
inferior phrenic- abdominal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

retroperitoneal organs in posterior abdomen are positioned between what spinal levels

A

T12-L3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the hilum of the kidneys lie in what plane

A

transpyloric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

kidney coverings (name them from superficial to deep)

A 
Paranephric fat
Renal Fascia (extraperitoneal fascia)
Perinephric fat (perirenal fat)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Paranephric fat (what is it)

A

large amount of fat found only posterior to the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Renal Fascia

A

later of fascia that encloses the kidneys and suprarenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Perinephric Fat (what is it)

A

completely surrounds the kidney and allows for slight vertical moment during respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

renal capsule (what is it)

A

fibrous capsule covering that invests the kidney (but not suprarenal glands)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the left gonadal vein empties where

A

left renal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

right gonadal vein empties into what

A

inferior vena cava

34
Q

Hilum of kidney (what enters through it, from anterior to posterior)

A

renal vein
renal artery
renal pelvis
autonomic nerves and lymph also enter at the hilum

35
Q

shape of right suprarenal gland

A

shaped like a pyramid

36
Q

shape of left suprarenal gland

A

semilunar shape, larger than right

37
Q

suprarenal glands get blood from where (and what are those branches from

A

superior suprarenal artery- from inferior phrenic
middle suprarenal artery- from aorta
inferior suprarenal artery- from renal artery

38
Q

right suprarenal vein drains into what

A

inferior vena cava

39
Q

left suprarenal vein drains in into what

A

left renal vein

40
Q

branches of the abdominal aorta can be classified into what three categories (and what do they supply)

A 
unpaired visceral (to GI tract)
paired visceral (to UG and endocrine organs)
Paired Parietal (to diaphragm  and body wall)
41
Q

Unpaired visceral branches of aorta (name them and the level at which branching)

A

Celiac trunk- T12
Superior Mesenteric- L1
Inferior Mesenteric- L3

42
Q

Paired visceral branches of aorta (name them and their source)

A

Middle Suprarenal- L1
Renal- L1
Gonadal (testicular/ovarian)- L2

43
Q

Paired parietal branches of aorta (name them and their source)

A

Inferior phrenic- T12
Subcostal- T12
Lumbar- L1-L4

44
Q

Tributaries to IVC include (name them

A 
common iliac veins
lumbar veins
right testicular or ovarian veins
renal venis
right suprarenal veins
inferior phrenic veins
hepatic veins
45
Q

the ivc’s location is what compared to midline

A

offset to right

46
Q

which renal vein is longer

A

left, goes over aorta

47
Q

lymph from the posterior abdominal region is collected where?

A

pre-aortic (anterior to aorta) trunk

para-aortic/ lumbar (lateral to aorta) trunk

48
Q

cisterna chyli (what is it)

A

confluence of pre and parametric trucks

49
Q

cisterna chyli (what does it mark)

A

bringing of thoracic dust posterior to abdominal aorta at L1-L2

50
Q

the subcostal nerve is from where?

A

ventral rams of T12 just below diaphragm

51
Q

the lumbar plexus arises from where

A

ventral rami of L1-L4

52
Q

lumbar plexus (named nerves and where they arise)

A 
iliohypogastric (L1)
ilioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1, L2)
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2, L3)
Femoral (L2-L4)
Obturator (L2-L4)
Accessory Obtruator (10% of people -L3, L4)
53
Q

lumbrosacral trunk arise from where

A

L4-L5

54
Q

lumbosacral trunk joins the sacral plexus where?

A

in pelvis

55
Q

abdominal sympathetic trunk carries what kind of fibers?

A

presynaptic fivers that synapse at ganglia at various spinal levels

56
Q

subcostal nerve supplies what

A

skin and muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall

57
Q

iliohypogastric nerve supplies what

A

skin of upper inguinal and suprapubic region

internal oblique and transverus abdominis muscle

58
Q

ilioinguinal nerve supplies what

A

skin of lower inguinal region, groin, and medial thigh

internal oblique and transverus abdominis muscle

59
Q

Genitogemoral Nerve supplies what

A

genital branch: motor to cremaster muscle

femoral branch: skin of medial thigh

60
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supplies what

A

skin of lateral and anterior thigh

61
Q

femoral nerve supplies what

A

anterior thigh muscles

62
Q

obturator nerve supplies what

A

medial thigh muscles

63
Q

the splanchnic nerves (describe their course)

A

pierce muscle of diaphragm and enter celiac ganglion or plusses in thorax

64
Q

the subcostal courses how

A

passes under arcuate ligament and course laterally

65
Q

what nerves of the lumbar plexus emerge lateral to psoas muscle

A

iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
cutaneous nerve of thigh
femoral

66
Q

what nerves of the lumbar plexus emerge medial to psoas muscle

A

obtruator

lumbosacral trunk

67
Q

what nerves of the lumbar plexus emerge anterior to psoas muscle

A

genitofemoral

68
Q

what nerves can be damaged in a lumbar approach to the kidney

A

subcostal, iliohypogastri, ilioinguinal

69
Q

genitofemoral nerve (course)

A

pierces psoas fascia
courses anteriorly on the anterior surface of psoas and then divides into its two terminal branches: genital branch and femoral branch

70
Q

lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (course)

A

inferolaterally on iliacus

71
Q

Femoral nerve (course)

A

decending in interval b/w iliacus and psoas

72
Q

Iliopsoas test (what is it)

A

patient flexes thigh against resistance of the examiner’s hand
painful response indicates inflammation involving psoas muscle

73
Q

right positive psoas sign may suggest what?

A

appendicits

74
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (what is it)

A

a balloon-like swelling in wall of the abdominal aorta

may be due to degenerative disease or a congenital deficiency that weakens the muscular wall

75
Q

Real calculus (kidney stone)

A

crystals (stones) formed in the kidney when excess calcium forms a mass with other waste or mineral such as oxalate, magnesium, or uric acid

76
Q

Pelvic kidney (what is it)

A

kidneys fail to ascend and remain at brim of pelvis

may be asymptomatic

77
Q

Horseshoe kidney (what is it, what might it cause)

A

fusion of lower poles of the two kidneys

may impinge on ureters, blocking the passage of urine

78
Q

Unilateral double kidney (what is it and what might it cause)

A

double kidney with separate ureters/vessels on one side

this may cause the ureters to enter the bladder at an abnormal angle, blocking urine

79
Q

Rosette kidney

A

fusion of kidneys at their hila

usually remain in pelvis

80
Q

Bifid ureter

A

ureters may join in the lower third of their course, open through a common orifice, or open independently into bladder
this anomaly has an increased potential for infection or calculus formation

SF4 Exam I (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions