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SF4 Exam I > Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic foregut

A 
esophagus
stomach
upper deuodenum
liver
gallbladder
pancreas (associated outgrowth organs)
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2
Q

The parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic foregut are supplied by what artery

A

celiac trunk

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3
Q

What parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic midgut

A 
lower duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
lower part of pancreas
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4
Q

The parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic midgut are supplied by what artery

A

superior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

What parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
superior part of rectum

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6
Q

The parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic hindgut are supplied by what artery

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

The esophagus passes through diaphragm through what opening and at what spinal level

A

esophageal hiatus

T10

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8
Q

The stomach is located in what regions of the anterior abdominal wall

A

left hypochondriac

epigastric

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9
Q

the stomach empties into what?

A

duodenum

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10
Q

what are the 4 features (parts) of the stomach

A

Cardia- where esophagus meets stomach
Fundus- superior to esophageal junction usually filled with air
Body- major part (variable in size)
Pylorus- distal end, divided into regions

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11
Q

Name the regions of the pylorus

A

angular notch
pyloric antrum
pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter

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12
Q

what are rugae

A 
longitudinal ridges (folds) on inner surface of stomach
raised folds of mucosa that allow for stomach expansion
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13
Q

transpyloric plane (what is it, what does it pass through)

A

useful landmark that lies between xiphoid process and umbilicus
at level L1
passes through: pylousi of stomach, duodenojejunal junction, hila of kidneys, and tips of 9th costal cartilage

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14
Q

duodenum (what is it, how long is it, whats it shape)

A

first and shortest part of small intestine (10 inches)
curves around head of pancreas in C shape
divided into 4 parts

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15
Q

stomach (what is it, whats its shape)

A

expansion of gut tube between esophagus and small intestine
resembles the letter J
empties into duodenum

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16
Q

name the 4 parts of the duodenum

A

1st superior part (distal to pyloric orfice)
2nd descending part
3rd horizontal part (between descending and ascending duodenum)
4th ascending part

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17
Q

What does the descending duodenum (2nd part) do

A

receives common bile duct and mind pancreatic ducts via hepatopancreatic ampulla

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18
Q

major duodenal papilla (of Vater)

what is it

A

small profusion on the internal surface of the duodenum where the hepatopancreatic ampulla enters

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19
Q 
Hepatopancreatic Sphincter (of Oddi)
(what is it)
A

circular smooth muscle that surrounds the ampulla of the descending duodenum
controls bile and pancreatic secretions

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20
Q

what does the major duodenal papilla mark?

A

junction between foregut and midgut

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21
Q 
Ascending Duodenum (4th part)
(how is it secured and what does it empty to)
A

secured to diaphragm by the suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)
empty into jejunum

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22
Q

suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)

what is it and where does it run

A

musculo-tendinous band

runs from ascending duodenum to right crus of diaphragm

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23
Q

what part of small intestine is found in all 4 quadrants

A

jejunum and ileum

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24
Q

jejunum (what is it, how long is it)

A

middle part of small intestine
begins at dudodenojejunal junction
about 8 feet long

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25
Q

ileum (what is it, how long is it)

A

distal 12 feet of small intestine

ends at cecum

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26
Q

describe the diameter of jejunum and ileum

A

jejunum: larger (thick walls)
ileum: smaller (thinner walls)

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27
Q

describe the arterial arcades of jejunum and ileum

A

jejunum: few tiers
ileum: many tiers

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28
Q

describe the vasa recta of jejunum and ileum

A

jejunum: long, few
ileum: short, many

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29
Q

describe the “windows” of jejunum and ileum

A

jejunum: relatively large
ileum: small or absent

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30
Q

describe the associated fat (how much) of jejunum and ileum

A

jejunum: little
ileum: encroaches over intestine

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31
Q

describe the plicae circulares (infoldings) on inner surface of jejunum and ileum

A

jejunum: many, large
ileum: few, small

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32
Q

cecum (what is it, what quadrant is it in, whats associated with it)

A

first part of large intestine
lower right quadrant
dilated sac that is continuous with ascending colon
contains associated appendix

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33
Q

vermiform appendix (what is it)

A

worm-like appendage to cecum
most commonly retrocecal
base lies deep to McBUrney’s point

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34
Q

ascending colon (path)

A

ascends along right side of abdominal wall to hepatic )right colic) flexure

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35
Q

is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

intraperitoneal- almost completely covered with peritoneum

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36
Q

is the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

partially retroperitoneal- fixed to posterior abdominal wall by the peritoneum

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37
Q

are the jejunum and ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

intraperitoneal- attached to posterior abdominal wall by fan shaped mesentery
mobile

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38
Q

is the cecum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

intraperitoneal- almost completely covered with peritoneum and moves freely (no mesentery)

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39
Q

is the vermiform appendix intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

intraperitoneal- contains short triangular mesentery (mesoappendix)

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40
Q

is the ascending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

retroperitoneal- usually find to the right side of the posterior abdominal wall
immobile

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41
Q

transverse colon (path)

A

extends across abdomen from hepatic (right colic) flexure to splenic (left colic) flexure

42
Q

is the transverse colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

intraperitoneal- has a mesentery

most mobile part of large intestine (position varies)

43
Q

descending colon (path)

A

descends along left abdominal wall from splenic (left colic) flexure to sigmoid colon

44
Q

is the descending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

retropertioneal- bound to posterior abdominal wall

immobile

45
Q

sigmoid colon (path)

A

s-shaped loop of colon b/w descending colon and rectum

46
Q

is the sigmoid colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

intraperitoneal- usually has a long mesentery and thus considerably mobility to vary in position

47
Q

what is the most mobile part of large intestine

A

transverse colon

48
Q

teniae coli (what are they)

A

three longitudinal muscle bands formed by the large intestines outer muscular coat

49
Q

haustra (what is it)

A

sacculations of colon produced by the teniae coli

slightly shorter than the gut

50
Q

plicae semilunaris (what are they)

A

infoldings of intestinal wall between haustra

51
Q

appendices epiploicae (what are they)

A

peritoneum-covered pouches of fat attached in rows along the teniae

52
Q

the minor duodenal papilla is connected to what duct

A

accessory pancreatic duct

53
Q

are the rectum and anal canal intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

retroperitoneal- rectosigmoid junction marked by end of sigmoid mesocolon

54
Q

spleen (embryonic origin)

A

independent from the gut tube

55
Q

spleen (what is it and location)

A

large lymph organ

left hypochondrial region lying against the diaphragm and ribs 9-10

56
Q

is the spleen intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

intraperitoneal- covered b peritoneum except for at hilum

57
Q

name and describe the anatomical relations of the spleen

A

stomach- anterior
diaphragm- posterior and superior
left colic flexure- inferior
left kidney- medal

58
Q

what connects spleen to greater curvature of stomach

A

gastrosplenic ligament of peritoneum

59
Q

what connects the spleen to the left kidney

A

splenorenal ligaent

60
Q

pancreas (what is it and where is it found)

A

digestive (exocrine) and endogrine organ
epigastric region
left hypochondrial region

61
Q

is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

retroperitoneal- except for small part of its tail that lies in the splenorenal ligament

62
Q

name the features of the pancreas

A 
head
neck
body
tail
uncinate process
63
Q

main pancreatic duct of Wirsung (how does it run, what does it join)

A

runs tail to head

joins bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla before entering 2nd part of duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

64
Q

accessory pancreatic duct of Santorini ( what does it drain, where does it open)

A

drains small part of the head
often communicates with main pancreatic duct
opens into minor duodenal papilla

65
Q

the head of the pancreas lies where?

A

curvature of duodenum

66
Q

what is anterior to pancreas

A

stomach

67
Q

what is posterior to pancreas

A

IVC
aorta
left kidney

68
Q

what is the largest visceral organ in the body

A

liver

69
Q

liver

A

right hypochondrial region
epigastric region
divided into 4 anatomical lobes s

70
Q

what is the largest gland found in the body

A

liver

71
Q

is the liver intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

intraperitoneal- except bare area on diaphragmatic surface where liver contacts diaphragm

72
Q

what forms the coronary and falciform ligaments and right and left triangular ligaments

A

free folded edges of peritoneum that attach the liver to diaphragm

73
Q

what is the bare area of the liver

A

diaphragmatic surface of liver that is devoid of peritoneum

74
Q

what is the coronary ligament

A

peritoneum that forms the right and left triangular ligament

75
Q

what is the falciform ligament

A

fold of peritoneum that connects the liver to anterior abdominal wall
contains ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)- obliterated umbilical vein

76
Q

name the 4 lobes of the liver

A

left
right
caudate
quadrate

77
Q

what is the largest lobe of liver and what does it give rise to

A

right lobe

gives rise to caudate and quadrate lobes

78
Q

the left lobe is separated along groves for what?

A

ligmentum teres- obliterated umbilical vein (connected liver to umbilical veins)
ligamentum venosum- obliterated ductus venous (fetal connection b/w umbilical vain and IVC)

79
Q

porta hepatis (what is it and what does it transmit)

A 
transverse fissure between quadrate and caudate lobes
transmits:
portal vein
hepatic arteries
lymphatic vessels
hepatic nervous plexus
hepatic ducts
80
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament (what is it and what does it contain)

A

fold of peritoneum connecting the duodenum and liver in the edge of the lesser momentum
contains portal triad

81
Q

portal triad (what is it)

A

bile duct
hepatic artery
portal vein

82
Q

gallbladder (locaton)

A

located at 9th costal cartilage and lateral border of rectus abdominis
right upper quadrant
inferior surface of liver between right and quadrate lobes

83
Q

gallbladder (function)

A

stores and concentrates bile with a capacity of 30-50mL

84
Q

is the gallbladder intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)

A

intraperitoneal- covered in peritoneum closely adherent to liver

85
Q

name the features of the gallbladder

A

fundus
body
neck
cystic duct

86
Q 
cystohepatic triangle (of Calot)
(what forms it)
A

important surgical landmark:
visceral surface of liver (superiorly)
cystic duct (inferiorly)
common hepatic duct (medially)

87
Q 
cystohepatic triangle (of Calot)
(contents)
A 
cystic artery
lymph node (of calot)- becomes enlarged during gall bladder inflammation
88
Q

right and left hepatic ducts (where do they leave liver)

A

through porta hepatis

89
Q

common hepatic duct (formed by what)

A

union of left and right hepatic duct

90
Q

cystic duct (does what)

A

fills and drains the gall bladder

91
Q

bile duct (formed by what and travels where)

A

formed by union of common hepatic and cystic ducts

descends posterior to 1st part of duodenum and runs though head of pancreas

92
Q

main pancreatic duct (joins what and forms what)

A

joins bile duct

forms hepatopancreatic ampulla

93
Q 
Ileal Diverticulum (of Meckel)
(what is it)
A

congenital abnormality of the small intestines
finerlike pouch in ileocecal junction
remnant of embryonic yolk sac
most people asymptomatic
rule of 2’s (2% of people, 2 inches in length, within 2 feet of ileocecal orifice, two types of tissue)

94
Q

Volvulus (what is it and what does it cause)

A

abnormal twisting of intestine

can cause intestinal obstruction and interruption of blood supply (leads to necrosis of tissues)

95
Q

Situs Inversus (what is it)

A

left to right inversion of the boys organs
occurs during development and is
can occur totally or partially

96
Q

Gallstones (what are they, what doe they consist of)

A

calcifications (calculi) formed int the gall bladder or bile passages
consist of cholesterol and bile pigment
can lodge and obstruct bile passages

97
Q

obstructive jaundice

A

caused by blockage of bile ducts from gallstones, tumor, and/or compression of pancreas
leads to jaundice- yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes due to excess bile pigment (bilirubin) in the plasma

98
Q

how are cancers in the head of the pancreas often detected

A

obstructie jaundice

99
Q

fractured rib or blows to the left hypochondrium can rupture what viscera

A

spleen

relationship to posterior abdominal wall at levels 9-10

100
Q

why is it usually not possibly to completely resect the pancreas (even in cases of cancer or chronic pancreatitis)

A

close anatomical relationships of pancreas with duodenum, bile ducts, and their vasculature

SF4 Exam I (16 decks)

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