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SF4 Exam I > Abdominal Viscera > Flashcards

Abdominal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic foregut

A 
esophagus
stomach
upper deuodenum
liver
gallbladder
pancreas (associated outgrowth organs)
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2
Q

The parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic foregut are supplied by what artery

A

celiac trunk

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3
Q

What parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic midgut

A 
lower duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
lower part of pancreas
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4
Q

The parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic midgut are supplied by what artery

A

superior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

What parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
superior part of rectum

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6
Q

The parts of the GI tract are derived from the embryonic hindgut are supplied by what artery

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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7
Q

The esophagus passes through diaphragm through what opening and at what spinal level

A

esophageal hiatus

T10

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8
Q

The stomach is located in what regions of the anterior abdominal wall

A

left hypochondriac

epigastric

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9
Q

the stomach empties into what?

A

duodenum

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10
Q

what are the 4 features (parts) of the stomach

A

Cardia- where esophagus meets stomach
Fundus- superior to esophageal junction usually filled with air
Body- major part (variable in size)
Pylorus- distal end, divided into regions

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11
Q

Name the regions of the pylorus

A

angular notch
pyloric antrum
pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter

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12
Q

what are rugae

A 
longitudinal ridges (folds) on inner surface of stomach
raised folds of mucosa that allow for stomach expansion
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13
Q

transpyloric plane (what is it, what does it pass through)

A

useful landmark that lies between xiphoid process and umbilicus
at level L1
passes through: pylousi of stomach, duodenojejunal junction, hila of kidneys, and tips of 9th costal cartilage

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14
Q

duodenum (what is it, how long is it, whats it shape)

A

first and shortest part of small intestine (10 inches)
curves around head of pancreas in C shape
divided into 4 parts

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15
Q

stomach (what is it, whats its shape)

A

expansion of gut tube between esophagus and small intestine
resembles the letter J
empties into duodenum

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16
Q

name the 4 parts of the duodenum

A

1st superior part (distal to pyloric orfice)
2nd descending part
3rd horizontal part (between descending and ascending duodenum)
4th ascending part

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17
Q

What does the descending duodenum (2nd part) do

A

receives common bile duct and mind pancreatic ducts via hepatopancreatic ampulla

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18
Q

major duodenal papilla (of Vater)

what is it

A

small profusion on the internal surface of the duodenum where the hepatopancreatic ampulla enters

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19
Q 
Hepatopancreatic Sphincter (of Oddi)
(what is it)
A

circular smooth muscle that surrounds the ampulla of the descending duodenum
controls bile and pancreatic secretions

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20
Q

what does the major duodenal papilla mark?

A

junction between foregut and midgut

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21
Q 
Ascending Duodenum (4th part)
(how is it secured and what does it empty to)
A

secured to diaphragm by the suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)
empty into jejunum

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22
Q

suspensory muscle of the duodenum (ligament of Treitz)

what is it and where does it run

A

musculo-tendinous band

runs from ascending duodenum to right crus of diaphragm

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23
Q

what part of small intestine is found in all 4 quadrants

A

jejunum and ileum

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24
Q

jejunum (what is it, how long is it)

A

middle part of small intestine
begins at dudodenojejunal junction
about 8 feet long

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25
ileum (what is it, how long is it)
distal 12 feet of small intestine | ends at cecum
26
describe the diameter of jejunum and ileum
jejunum: larger (thick walls) ileum: smaller (thinner walls)
27
describe the arterial arcades of jejunum and ileum
jejunum: few tiers ileum: many tiers
28
describe the vasa recta of jejunum and ileum
jejunum: long, few ileum: short, many
29
describe the "windows" of jejunum and ileum
jejunum: relatively large ileum: small or absent
30
describe the associated fat (how much) of jejunum and ileum
jejunum: little ileum: encroaches over intestine
31
describe the plicae circulares (infoldings) on inner surface of jejunum and ileum
jejunum: many, large ileum: few, small
32
cecum (what is it, what quadrant is it in, whats associated with it)
first part of large intestine lower right quadrant dilated sac that is continuous with ascending colon contains associated appendix
33
vermiform appendix (what is it)
worm-like appendage to cecum most commonly retrocecal base lies deep to McBUrney's point
34
ascending colon (path)
ascends along right side of abdominal wall to hepatic )right colic) flexure
35
is the stomach intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
intraperitoneal- almost completely covered with peritoneum
36
is the duodenum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
partially retroperitoneal- fixed to posterior abdominal wall by the peritoneum
37
are the jejunum and ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
intraperitoneal- attached to posterior abdominal wall by fan shaped mesentery mobile
38
is the cecum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
intraperitoneal- almost completely covered with peritoneum and moves freely (no mesentery)
39
is the vermiform appendix intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
intraperitoneal- contains short triangular mesentery (mesoappendix)
40
is the ascending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
retroperitoneal- usually find to the right side of the posterior abdominal wall immobile
41
transverse colon (path)
extends across abdomen from hepatic (right colic) flexure to splenic (left colic) flexure
42
is the transverse colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
intraperitoneal- has a mesentery | most mobile part of large intestine (position varies)
43
descending colon (path)
descends along left abdominal wall from splenic (left colic) flexure to sigmoid colon
44
is the descending colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
retropertioneal- bound to posterior abdominal wall | immobile
45
sigmoid colon (path)
s-shaped loop of colon b/w descending colon and rectum
46
is the sigmoid colon intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
intraperitoneal- usually has a long mesentery and thus considerably mobility to vary in position
47
what is the most mobile part of large intestine
transverse colon
48
teniae coli (what are they)
three longitudinal muscle bands formed by the large intestines outer muscular coat
49
haustra (what is it)
sacculations of colon produced by the teniae coli | slightly shorter than the gut
50
plicae semilunaris (what are they)
infoldings of intestinal wall between haustra
51
appendices epiploicae (what are they)
peritoneum-covered pouches of fat attached in rows along the teniae
52
the minor duodenal papilla is connected to what duct
accessory pancreatic duct
53
are the rectum and anal canal intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
retroperitoneal- rectosigmoid junction marked by end of sigmoid mesocolon
54
spleen (embryonic origin)
independent from the gut tube
55
spleen (what is it and location)
large lymph organ | left hypochondrial region lying against the diaphragm and ribs 9-10
56
is the spleen intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
intraperitoneal- covered b peritoneum except for at hilum
57
name and describe the anatomical relations of the spleen
stomach- anterior diaphragm- posterior and superior left colic flexure- inferior left kidney- medal
58
what connects spleen to greater curvature of stomach
gastrosplenic ligament of peritoneum
59
what connects the spleen to the left kidney
splenorenal ligaent
60
pancreas (what is it and where is it found)
digestive (exocrine) and endogrine organ epigastric region left hypochondrial region
61
is the pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
retroperitoneal- except for small part of its tail that lies in the splenorenal ligament
62
name the features of the pancreas
``` head neck body tail uncinate process ```
63
main pancreatic duct of Wirsung (how does it run, what does it join)
runs tail to head | joins bile duct to form hepatopancreatic ampulla before entering 2nd part of duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
64
accessory pancreatic duct of Santorini ( what does it drain, where does it open)
drains small part of the head often communicates with main pancreatic duct opens into minor duodenal papilla
65
the head of the pancreas lies where?
curvature of duodenum
66
what is anterior to pancreas
stomach
67
what is posterior to pancreas
IVC aorta left kidney
68
what is the largest visceral organ in the body
liver
69
liver
right hypochondrial region epigastric region divided into 4 anatomical lobes s
70
what is the largest gland found in the body
liver
71
is the liver intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
intraperitoneal- except bare area on diaphragmatic surface where liver contacts diaphragm
72
what forms the coronary and falciform ligaments and right and left triangular ligaments
free folded edges of peritoneum that attach the liver to diaphragm
73
what is the bare area of the liver
diaphragmatic surface of liver that is devoid of peritoneum
74
what is the coronary ligament
peritoneum that forms the right and left triangular ligament
75
what is the falciform ligament
fold of peritoneum that connects the liver to anterior abdominal wall contains ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament)- obliterated umbilical vein
76
name the 4 lobes of the liver
left right caudate quadrate
77
what is the largest lobe of liver and what does it give rise to
right lobe | gives rise to caudate and quadrate lobes
78
the left lobe is separated along groves for what?
ligmentum teres- obliterated umbilical vein (connected liver to umbilical veins) ligamentum venosum- obliterated ductus venous (fetal connection b/w umbilical vain and IVC)
79
porta hepatis (what is it and what does it transmit)
``` transverse fissure between quadrate and caudate lobes transmits: portal vein hepatic arteries lymphatic vessels hepatic nervous plexus hepatic ducts ```
80
hepatoduodenal ligament (what is it and what does it contain)
fold of peritoneum connecting the duodenum and liver in the edge of the lesser momentum contains portal triad
81
portal triad (what is it)
bile duct hepatic artery portal vein
82
gallbladder (locaton)
located at 9th costal cartilage and lateral border of rectus abdominis right upper quadrant inferior surface of liver between right and quadrate lobes
83
gallbladder (function)
stores and concentrates bile with a capacity of 30-50mL
84
is the gallbladder intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal (describe)
intraperitoneal- covered in peritoneum closely adherent to liver
85
name the features of the gallbladder
fundus body neck cystic duct
86
``` cystohepatic triangle (of Calot) (what forms it) ```
important surgical landmark: visceral surface of liver (superiorly) cystic duct (inferiorly) common hepatic duct (medially)
87
``` cystohepatic triangle (of Calot) (contents) ```
``` cystic artery lymph node (of calot)- becomes enlarged during gall bladder inflammation ```
88
right and left hepatic ducts (where do they leave liver)
through porta hepatis
89
common hepatic duct (formed by what)
union of left and right hepatic duct
90
cystic duct (does what)
fills and drains the gall bladder
91
bile duct (formed by what and travels where)
formed by union of common hepatic and cystic ducts | descends posterior to 1st part of duodenum and runs though head of pancreas
92
main pancreatic duct (joins what and forms what)
joins bile duct | forms hepatopancreatic ampulla
93
``` Ileal Diverticulum (of Meckel) (what is it) ```
congenital abnormality of the small intestines finerlike pouch in ileocecal junction remnant of embryonic yolk sac most people asymptomatic rule of 2's (2% of people, 2 inches in length, within 2 feet of ileocecal orifice, two types of tissue)
94
Volvulus (what is it and what does it cause)
abnormal twisting of intestine | can cause intestinal obstruction and interruption of blood supply (leads to necrosis of tissues)
95
Situs Inversus (what is it)
left to right inversion of the boys organs occurs during development and is can occur totally or partially
96
Gallstones (what are they, what doe they consist of)
calcifications (calculi) formed int the gall bladder or bile passages consist of cholesterol and bile pigment can lodge and obstruct bile passages
97
obstructive jaundice
caused by blockage of bile ducts from gallstones, tumor, and/or compression of pancreas leads to jaundice- yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes due to excess bile pigment (bilirubin) in the plasma
98
how are cancers in the head of the pancreas often detected
obstructie jaundice
99
fractured rib or blows to the left hypochondrium can rupture what viscera
spleen | relationship to posterior abdominal wall at levels 9-10
100
why is it usually not possibly to completely resect the pancreas (even in cases of cancer or chronic pancreatitis)
close anatomical relationships of pancreas with duodenum, bile ducts, and their vasculature

SF4 Exam I (16 decks)

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