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Phar 303 > Poster MCQs > Flashcards

Poster MCQs Flashcards

1
Q

Which event triggered the IARC to reclassify diesel exhaust from a group 2A carcinogen to a group 1 carcinogen?

A

The findings from a cohort study on Miners triggered the IARC to reconsider diesel exhaust’s classification

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2
Q

What type of cancer most commonly results from exposure to diesel exhaust?

A

Lung Cancer

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3
Q

What is health canada’s current position on the use of diesel exhaust?

A

Health Canada conedes that diesel exhaust is a health risk, and states that efforts need to be made to reduce diesel exhaust use

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4
Q

Which of thesis is a possible/proposed mechanism of obarian toxicity for pthalates?

A

The PPAR activation pathway

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5
Q

Which pthalate-containing products might a woman be exposed to that may conver ovarian toxicity?

A

Cosmetics such as lip glosses and nail polish
Pharmaceutical drugs
(two of the above)

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6
Q

What pregnancy complications may arise due to high urinary pthalate levels?

A

Toxemia
Anemia
Preeclampsia

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7
Q

In regards to the epigenome, findings show that with age:

A

Global DNA methylation levels decline, with the exception of CpG islands of certain genes, in which its methylation levels increase

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8
Q

Toxicants can have a strong effect on the epigenome. Since alcohol is considered to be a toxicant, it is expected to

A

Increase DNA methylation (in a dose dependent manner) at CpG islands, as DNA hypermethylation at CpG islands is associated with epigenetic aging

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9
Q

Based on a study investigating the effects of mercury on the epigenome of alligators, which of the following statements is true?

A

Exposure to mercury resulted in global hypomethylation across the genome

Significant changes in methylation only appeared in populations exposed to high levels of mercury contamination

Alligators and humans show the same gloval DNA methylation patter associated with age

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10
Q

In the context of non-small cell lung cancer, HOTAIR:

A

Is transcribed at higher levels, and contributes to cell proliferation and cell migration

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11
Q

Which of the proteins is involved in the pathway that cigarette smoke extract triggers an increased level of HOTAIR in non-small cell lung cancer:

A

IL-6

STAT3

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12
Q

What is the relationship between TUG1 and HOXB7

A

The expression of HOXB7 has an inverse correlation with the relative level of TUG1 expression

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13
Q

What is/are the chief enzyme(s) associated with Arsenic detoxification? How is arsenic detoxified from the body?

A

As3mt

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14
Q

What is not a porential route of arsenic exposure?

A

Bodily fluids

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15
Q

What is NOT a symptom of arsenic toxicity

A

Enhanced acoustic sensation and libido described as “clay ark”

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16
Q

Which of the following locations does NOT contain a microbiome?

A

Systemic circulation

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17
Q

Which of the following is an example of an indirect PM2.5?

A

HNO3

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18
Q

How does high MP2.5 (air pollutant) exposure cause type 2 diabetes epigenetically?

A

By upregulating translation of ICAM-1 protein

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19
Q

Which one of the following is/are true about TNF alpha mediated insulin resistance?

A

It enhances the release of free fatty acids

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20
Q

IARC classified TiO2 as what type of carcinogen?

A

Group 2B

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21
Q

TiO2 exposure…

A

Increases the Th1 and Th2 associated immunoglobin levels

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22
Q

Copper oxide nano-particles dephosphorylate the MAPKs leading to increased MMP-9 activity, resulting in the inflammation associated with asthma
BECAUSE
Copper oxide nano-particle exposure significantly increases the number of granulocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid

A

False, True

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23
Q

Which of the following is not an endocrine disrupting chemical found in fracking?

A

Ethanol

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24
Q

Which of the following are concluded reproductive effects of fracking?

A

Congenital heart defects
Preterm birth
Neural-tube defects

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25
Q

Which of the following receptors are affected by EDCs used in fracking?

A

Estrogen
Progesterone
Androgen

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26
Q

Regarding liver organioid screening for environmental toxins, which of the following is false?

A

The minimum concentration to ause significant cell necrosis was the same as the concentration to cause a significant decrease in ATP activity

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27
Q

In the experiment concerning 3D vs 2Dsw models for hepatic cells, 3D models were shown to have a ____ level of metabolic activity and to be ____ stable than 2Dsw models.

A

Higher, more

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28
Q

Which of the following is not a possible application of the liver organoid?

A

All of the above are applications of the liver organoid

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29
Q

Which of the following is not a proposed mechanism associated with paternal obesity having an effect on progeny outcome?

A

Altered hormone levels in the obese father resulting in increased sperm number, quality and concentration

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30
Q

Epigenetic modifications of sperm in obese men:

A

Have been linked to increased incidence of metabolic diseases and obesity in progeny

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31
Q

Which of the following affect progeny health and defelopment? Select all that apply

A

All of the above

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32
Q

Which of the following statements is true

A

Photosensitized melanin can result in melanoma

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33
Q

UV has detrimental impacts on skin because

A

It causes 2 types of DNA damage: Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6,4 photoproducts

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34
Q

UVA photosensitized melanin can:

A

Produce DNA damage both directly and indirectly

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35
Q

Mucous metaplasia

A

Is caused by IL-13 and EGF signaling

36
Q

Wood smoke:

A

Changes the expression of MUC5AC gene

37
Q

Choose the correct statement of hypersecretion induced by wood smoke particulate matter

A

The people with lung disease should limit the exposure of wood smoke. It is necessary to install smoke alarm and ventilation

38
Q

The CMA recommended that cannabis consumption should be regulated by introducing quantity and potency limitations until age ___

A

25

39
Q

Which of the following epigenetic modifications are caused by cannabinoids?

A

DNA methylation
Histone modification
miRNA mediated degradation

40
Q

Phytocannabinoids could be a solution for the rise in human infertility
BECAUSE
Increased methylation of CpG islands always improves sperm count

A

False, False

41
Q

Tobacco smoke can cause a variety of effects on DNA methylation. Of the following, select the FALSE statement

A

Plcental CYP1A1 upregulation is caused by hypermethylation of CpG islands

42
Q

Which of the following is false?

A

p16 inhibits CDK4, which regulates progession through S phase

43
Q

SOD2 is a member of the superoxide dismutase family. It is less active in its hyperacetylated form, resulting in cellular oxidative stress. SOD2’s activity is regulated by Sirt3. What is a probably role of Sirt3?

A

Deacetylase

44
Q

Exposure to arsenic can be through?

A

All of the above

45
Q

Mice exposed to water containing methylated arsenicals showed

A

Enhanced the size of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch

46
Q

Animal studies and epidemiological studies have shown that

A

Exposure to arsenic increases risk to cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis

47
Q

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Reactive Oxygen Species

A

They must contain a free radical
All electrons are paired in the outer orbit of a free radical
Two of the above

48
Q

Which of the following is true

A

In high doses, betacarotene and vitamin E are found to increase the risk of cancers such as lung cancer in smokers and prostate cancer in healthy men respectively

49
Q

In which of the following diseases does oxidative stress play a role?

A

All of the above

50
Q

By what mechanism does tributylin induce adipogenesis?

A

PPAR-y agonism

51
Q

What is the primary soure of human exposure to tributylin?

A

Seafood

52
Q

After exposure to TBT in the pregnant F0 generation, which of the following generations of mice are observed to retain the adipogenic phenotype?

A

F1, F2, F3

53
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the conversion of thyroid hormone T4 to inactive T3?

A

Sulfotransferase

54
Q

Which flame retardant reduces the affinity of Thyroid Hormone TH T4 to globulins and TH transport proteins?

A

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers

55
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which PBDEs affect thyroid function?

A

Acting as an analog of T3

56
Q

Which animal model is used to test developmental toxicity of sodium nitrate?

A

Zebra fish

57
Q

What is the oral LD50 of sodium nitrite for rats?

A

0.15 g/kg body weight

58
Q

Which of the following approaches has not been performed to study the NOC carcinogenicity hypothesis?

A

Clinical human studies

59
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE

A

Gulf War veterans who received the largest number of vaccines had signifivantly worse symptoms than those who received fewer immunizations

60
Q

What was pyridostigmine bromide (PB) used as during the Gulf War?

A

An anticholinergic drug given as prophylaxis against nerve gases

61
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A

Studies have shown there is a direct link between the risk of Gulf War Illness and exposure to the Kuwaiti oil fire smoke

62
Q

Which of the following has NOT been shown to be a possible effect of exposure to diacetyl flavoring in e-cigarettes?

A

None of the Above

63
Q

Which of the following statements regarding aldehyde flavoring chemicals found in e-cigarette juice are false?

A

Low doses of benzaldehyde have shown to decrease respiratory rates

64
Q

While the Canadian Federal Government shows no imposed restriction on the use of e-cigarette flavorings, in store and online marketing are prohibited
BECAUSE
Chemicals involved in e-cigarettes flavorings are known to pose harmful long-term effects if inhaled

A

False, False

65
Q

What is the recommended daily intake of folate for pregnant women

A

0.6 mg

66
Q

Which of these form can be found

A

Dihydrofolate
L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (L-methylfolate)
Betaine

67
Q

Folate consumption can have an effect on epigenetic changes
Because
Folate is a major source in methyl group synthesis

A

True, true (related)

68
Q

Which of the following statements regarding Thalidomide is False?

A

Animal testing in multiple species showed potential teratogenicity but the drug was still approved because of novel therapeutic effects

69
Q

Which of the following is not a major teratogenic effect of thalidomide?

A

Newborn hemolytic disease

70
Q

What is not a positive outcome of the thalidomide crisis?

A

The creation of drug regulatory bodies including the FDA

71
Q

Which of the following is NOT a route of exposure of PFAS?

A

Inhalation of burning organic matter

72
Q

Which of the following is false?

A

Neonatal mice exposed to PFOS and PFOA caused a hypoactive response to nicotine

73
Q

Which of the following is false?

A

Rats exposed to PFOS had increased GluR2 expression (AMPA receptor subunit)

74
Q

Which of the following statements regarding marijuana use during pregnancy is false?

A

Maternal use of cannabis during pregnancy will cause an increase in hemolytic anemia of offspring

75
Q

Which of the following are not potential teratogenic effects of marijuana use during pregnancy?

A

High risk of birth defects and malformation, such as missing or additional digits
Decreased folic acid deficiency among offspring leading to impaired DNA synthesis

76
Q

Which of the following regarding the study of Araujo et Al is false?

A

One possible downstream effect of low folic acid due to cannabis consumption is disruption of DNA transcription

77
Q

Which one of the following is FALSE concerning the mechanism of action

A

It needs to be metabolized to become active

78
Q

An antibody-drug conjugate has all of the following components EXCEPT:

A

Tumor-specific antigen

79
Q

Which of the following is FALSE concerning the toxicity of alpha amanitin

A

Symptoms of toxicity occur immediately after ingestion

80
Q

Which of the following statemetns regarding rBST is false?

A

rBST is not approved in Australia for animal health reasons

81
Q

rbST used on cow can have effect on human in terms of

A

None of the above

82
Q

By supplementing rBST, what is/are the effects on the environment?

A

Less electricity is required

Reduce the amount of N excreted

83
Q

Choose the false statement below

A

Different histology for uMMMTs in patients with previous TAM usage and in patients without previous TAM treatment

84
Q

The mode of action of Tamoxifen (TAM) in breast cancer is

A

To work both as an agonist and an antagonist on different cells in the body

85
Q

In regards to the side-effects of Tamoxifen (TAM), studies have shown that

A

The risk of endometrial cancer development is higher in post-menopausal women than in pre-menopausal women

Phar 303 (19 decks)

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