post war Flashcards
Who was involved in the Cold War (main 2 nations, and state their ideology)
USA - democracy
SOVIET UNIUN - communist
What was the main goal of the Cold War
The 2 nations wanted to spread their ideology and views across the world, an attempt at mass manipulation
What were the main changes in German politics
Germany was divided into 4:
Britain
France
USA
Soviet Union
West Germany becomes democratic and the east becomes communist, which lead to the Berlin Wall
What side of the Cold War did Canada support
DEMOCRATIC
What is the Iron Curtain
An economic and political divider (no physical divisions)
- It divided Europe between Soviet influenced countries and Western influenced countries
- Symbolises efforts from the Soviet Union to block itself from non-Soviet-controlled areas
What year was NATO formed
1949
What did NATO ensure to the countries involved
Ensured collective security and discouraged the Soviet Union from attacking participating countries.
- Uphold democracy among those countries
Consisted of the Democratic countries
What is the Warsaw pact
Established in 1955
Made to uphold communism (all communist countries)
What is the Warsaw pact
Established in 1955
Made to uphold communism (all communist countries)
What is the FLQ crisis?
-> Series of chain events that happened in Quebec
-> Known as terrorist attacks by the Front Liberation Du Quebec, from 1963-1970
what happened on October 5th, 1970? And What did it lead to?
FLQ kidnapped British Trade commissioner James Cross in Montreal
-> In the Next two weeks, Minister of Labour, Pierre Laporte was kidnapped and killed in Quebec
-> In response to this, Pierre Trudeau deployed armed forces, and then evoked the War Measures Act (even when though it was peace time)
why did the FLQ crisis happen and what was its significance?
-> Part of the Quiet Revolution: period of political, social and cultural changes in Quebec.
-> Members of the FLQ were liberated by communist and anti-colonial movements in the other parts of the world: i.e. algeria and cuba
->FLQ believed that Quebec should be separate from the anglophone part of Canada (English speaking), and wanted to be separate from capitalism
-> objective: destroy any english symbols
beyond kidnapping what happened in the FLQ crisis? (towards civilians?)
-> series of bombing towards anglophone cities between 1963-1970
->target: English, Canadian Armed Forces, Banks, McGill University, etc
-> FLQ members faced the longest sentence that the British Commonwealth ever gave
What is the Quiet revolution and when did it happen?
-> period of drastic change in Quebec in the 1960s, led by the Quebec Liberal Party (Jean Lesage)
-> A promise that Francophone speakers will thrive in Canada and have more power/respect
What changes happened during the Quiet revolution?
-> Lowered voting age to 18 (Jean lesage did it so that more youth could vote for him)
-> made education not associated by churches or ran by churches. (Churches were unable to afford it, and it was popular within the population)
-> Nationalized hydro electricity
Why was Jean Lesage controversial/voted out?
-> He was not a separaist, did not believe in separating Quebec with the rest of Canada, however wanted Quebec to have more power
-> The act: Royal Commission on Billigulism and Biculture was created by Lester B Pearson, however was not enough to please the population
-> Quebec wants to be seperate from Canada, there were 2 population votes to become seperate, and each vote got closer for it to be separated
What year was the Suez Crisis and give a brief explanation as to what happened
1956
The Egyptian government seized control from a British and French company that managed it.
— By December of that year the company withdrew forces.
The canal opened up again in ‘57
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
Soviet Union began to secretly install missiles in Cuba to launch attacks on US cities
— The confrontation that followed, known as the Cuban missile crisis, brought the two nations to the brink of war before an agreement was reached to withdraw the missiles
How was Canada involved with the Cuban Missile Crisis
John Diefenbaker agreed to put Canadian troops on look out
— influenced by other NATO countries that supported a blockade and agreed to aid the U.S. if something were to happen
What year was Newfoundland declared a province
1949
What was the main achievement of P.M Louis St. Laurent
- Trans Canada Highway
What was the baby boom and what was the effect
Largest natural population increase in human history
- 1950s
Consumerism at an all time high, lots of Canadians were spending money on new things
Growth of the suburbs, cities expanded and public transit improved
What was the global impact of 911
- increased security measures worldwide in airports and national borders
- prompted the U.S. to launch the War on Terror, resulting in wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, which significantly influenced global politics and military strategies
- relations between Western countries and many Muslim-majority nations became strained, leading to widespread geopolitical tension
- the attacks caused immediate disruption and led to long-term changes in global trade and travel
Who was Igor Gouzenko
- Soviet code worker who defected to Canada in 1945, bringing with him documents that revealed a Soviet spy ring operating in the West
- His defection marked the beginning of the Cold War, as it exposed Soviet espionage efforts and led to the arrest of several spies
His actions highlighted the threat of Soviet infiltration, significantly impacting international relations and heightening tensions between the Soviet Union and Western countries
