interwar period (1930s) Flashcards
stock market crash: who, what, where?
-> context, what led up to the stock market crash and what is it called?
who was affected the most??
-> known as black tuesday (oct 29, 1929)
-> many people used credit to afford luxury goods, companies borrowed money from banks, and many companies over produced
-> however, there were low demands for goods and factories because of the overall (“lack of need”) for these items (mass production = not needed during time off of war)
-> too expensive to maintain = mass lay offs
-> bank failures to supply money, + panic caused many to sell their stocks and for the market to crash
what are the consequences of the great depression?
People were very poor
Couldn’t afford food, rent, housing, medicine, material goods
People got sick, injured, and even died
High unemployment rates
Businesses and companies had to no money to pay their workers with
They had to lay off many workers
People were out of jobs and sometimes advertised themselves on the streets for labour
People had to rely on government support
There were soup kitchen and people lined up for jobs
The government was also poor (R.B. Bennet was the prime minister at the time)
what was the canadian ideology in the roaring twenties that allowed people to borrow without thinking?
the idea that the roaring twenties would last forever.
what was the canadian ideology in the roaring twenties that allowed people to borrow without thinking?
the idea that the roaring twenties would last forever.
what is the depression cycle? (5)
1) market declines
2) investment declines
3) production decreases
4) layoffs/employment
5) wage decrease
what are dust bowls? (date?, what happened, impact?)
from 1929-39, a terrible drought that took place in the praires.
-> very little rain and high temps
-hurt the farmer/plant industry, which made farmers abandon their farms and go to cities.
-> was cheaper to burn crops than grow (other cities/regions were thriving)
—> countries sch as austria and argentina, were able to make wheat prices lower globally
what is the on-to-ottawa trek?
a protest and mass mobilization aimed at drawing attention to the poor conditions and lack of opportunities in government relief camps, as well as demanding better employment conditions and social support.
The trek involved men traveling from Vancouver to Ottawa, primarily by train, to confront Prime Minister R.B. Bennett and demand changes.
when did the ottawa trek happen?
began in june 1935, and lasted 2 months
keydates:
-> June 3, 1935: The trek officially started in Vancouver.
-> July 1, 1935: The Regina Riot occurred.
where did the ottawa trek happen and who was involved? (major parties?)
Starting Point: Vancouver, British Columbia.
Route: The trekkers traveled eastward across Canada, intending to reach Ottawa, Ontario.
Notable Stops: The trek garnered significant attention and support as it moved through cities such as Calgary, Regina, and Winnipeg.
End Point: The trek was stopped in Regina, Saskatchewan, leading to the Regina Riot.
WHO?
Participants: Primarily unemployed, single, young men who were dissatisfied with the conditions in government relief camps.
Leaders: The trek was led by the Relief Camp Workers’ Union (RCWU) and key figures like Arthur “Slim” Evans.
what does “riding the rails” mean?
and how did fear (from the goverment) and work conditions play a role in this event?
riding the rails: the unemployed looking for work by train hopping (on top of trains)
-> unlikey to find work and was usually arrested for vagrancy
fear:
-> authories had fear this event would turn into a violent
->the red scare (communist fear)
fear = different acts/things that passed
-> i.e. relief working camps, held in romote areas to hold drifters.
HOWEVER… (working camps)
had hbad conditions
-> worked for lttle pay
->overcroweded
->built roads, dug ditches, etc.
why did the ottawa trek happen?
-> motavation from economic harship
-> demands/”being red up”
WHICH…
-impacted policites regarding unempleument and social welfare
-Political consqences = R.B bennette kicked out of government
-legacy, symbol of worker solidary.
what is the regina riot?
July 1st 1935, during the On-to-Ottawa trek.
-> a violent crash between Roual Canadian Mounted police, and the trekkers and supportors.
—> public meeting held by the trekkers in Market Square. Police moved in to arrest the trek leaders and disperse the crowd, leading to a chaotic and violent confrontation.
-MANY INJUTRD AND ARRESTED.
significance of the on-to-ottawa trek?
-public reacion: created sympathy for trekkers
-> political impact: downfall of R.B Bennette
-> historical history between gov and citizen
the rise of totalitarianism
-> when (approximent time)
-> what is it? (what did it entail/characteristics?)
between the 1920s-1930s.
-> many euro nations turned to radical (extreme) political parties to solve the economic depression
-> totalitarianism = country control by dictator
-> encompasses communism, nazism, and facism
characteristic
-> public state
-> highly nationalistic
-> censorship
-> total conformity
who was a communist leader?
who, when, what
Joesph Stalin, Soviet Unition (1922-1953)
-> classless society
-> no religion
->private ownership
->dictator
