Post Op Flashcards
If a patient require mechanical ventilation more more than 1 month then what is the procedure
Tracheostomy
It reduces the work of breathing and end space. Have to reduce secretion and use humidified air
Laryngeal mask is widely used in which group of patients
Paediatrics
But it has a poor control against reflux of gastric content
Not suitable for high pressure ventilation
Function of airway tube
In trauma and emergency
Prevent tongue fallback, lifesaving, airway suction
What may happen if unradiated blood is transported in immunocompromised patients and sign symptoms of it and management
Graft vs host reaction(4-30 days after)
Fever, erythroderma, desquamation, diarrhea, abnormal liver function test
Rx steroid therapy
Mechanism of transfusion associated lung injury
Neutrophil sequestration
HLA mismatch
Why gram negative infection in packed RBC causing fever
They are stored at 4 degree Celsius
Transfer of which type of blood mostly cause urticaria
FFP and Pain blood
What type of blood contains factor 8 and fibrinogen
Crioprecipitat (derived from FFP)
So a large volume of factors can be administered in small volume
Used in von willebrand disease. It is off two types
1 is autosomal dominant 80% cases
2 is dominant or recessive 15% cases
5% rest of seven subtypes
Surgery of patrons with von willebrand disease
There are several medications that can be used to treat von Willebrand disease (vWD), including:
#major procedure
Desmopressin (DDAVP): A synthetic hormone that can be administered as a nasal spray, injection, or infusion. DDAVP stimulates the release of von Willebrand factor (VWF) from blood vessel lining cells, which helps with clotting. It’s often recommended for children and adolescents with type 1 or certain forms of type 2 vWD to help control bleeding during menstrual periods, before surgery, or during nosebleeds. Common side effects include headaches, low blood pressure, and a temporary increase in heart rate.
#minor procedure
Tranexamic acid: Usually taken as tablets, this medication can help treat or prevent bleeding.
Factor replacement therapy: This treatment is given through an infusion and is used for more severe symptoms
Use and mode of action of dantrolene
In malignant hyperthermia caused by suxamethonium (hyperpyrexia and muscle rigidity)by inhibiting calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum
Genetic association of malignant hyperthermia of suxamethonium and confirmatory investigation
Defect of gene of chromosome 19 coding site for ryanodine receptor(calcium release channel)
Investigation
Raised creatinine kinase
Contractor test with halothane and caffeine
Complications of TPN
Sepsis
Refeeding syndrome
Hepatic dysfunction
Acalculus cholecystitis
Nutrition monitoring of TPN patients
Weight
BMI
Mid upper arm circumference
Tricipital skin fold
Electrolytes (main)
Vitamin D (every 6 months)
Bone density
