Post Midterm 2 (Part 1) Flashcards
Blood makes up ___ of the body’s ECF.
1/4
Albumins, Globulins, and Fibrinogen are __________.
Proteins
____________ are part of leukocytes (WBC) and become macrophages in tissues.
Monocytes
____________ are part of leukocytes and produce histamine.
Basophils
Neutrophils __ Lymphocytes
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Hematopoeisis occurs in the bone marrow. The synthesis of blood cells; ____ become RBC and _____ become WBC.
25%
75%
Megakaryocytes are ____________.
Platelets
Hypoxia is sensed by the ________ cells, which creates erythropoietin.
Kidney
Decreased RBC production can be caused by _______________ and dietary insufficiencies.
Aplastic anemia
If your blood type is A …
Antigen on RBC ___.
Antibodies in plasma ___.
A antigens
B antibodies
If your blood type is O …
Antigen is _____.
Antibodies is ______.
NO A or B antigens
Anti-A and Anti-B
If your blood type is AB …
Antigens _______.
Antibodies _________.
A + B Antigens
NO A or B antibodies.
AB (Rh+) is the universal ____________.
Acceptor
O (Rh-) is the universal __________.
Donor
What are the steps to Hemostasis?
1 Vasoconstriction
2 Platelet Plug Formation
3 Coagulation (Formation of Clot)
4 Fibrinolysis
The enzyme responsible for the dissolution of a clot is __________.
Plasmin
The UPPER respiratory system consists of …
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
The LOWER respiratory system consists of …
Trachea L/R Primary Bronchi Smaller bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
What is the Law of Laplace?
P = 2T/r
Type I alveolar cells are responsible for _____ exchange.
Gas
Type II alveolar cells make and secrete ___________ that help the alveoli to expand easier and prevent them from collapsing.
Surfactant
The Transpulmonary Pressure is 4mmHg which is determined by P(alv) - P(ip).
Intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) Intrapleural pressure (Pip)
Total pulmonary ventilation =
Ventilation rate * Tidal volume
~6L/min
Alveolar ventilation =
Ventilation rate * (Vt - dead space volume)
~4.2 L/min
Oxygen enters the blood at the __________-capillary interface. Oxygen is transported in blood via plasma of bound to ____________.
Alveolar
Hemoglobin
Emphysema is the destruction of alveoli. The _______ area and ______________ gradient are affected.
Surface
Concentration
Asthma is increased airway resistance. The _____________ gradient (partial pressure) is affected.
Concentration
Fibrotic lung disease is thickened alveolar membrane. The _____________ gradient and __________ are affected.
Concentration
Distance
Pulmonary edema is fluid in interstitial space. The ___________ is affected.
Distance
In the regulation of ventilation, CO2 is sensed by _____________.
Medullary chemoreceptors
In regulation of ventilation, ⬇️PO2 and
⬆️[H+] are sensed by __________ and _____________ chemoreceptors.
Aortic
Carotid
What are the 2 types of nephrons?
Cortical nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron
The Vasa recta are responsible for the ________________.
Loop of Henle
What are some functions of the Kidney?
1 Regulate ECF volume and BP 2 Regulate osmolarity 3 Maintain ion balance 4 Excretion of wastes 5 Production of hormones 6 Homeostatic regulation of pH
The nephron is made up of ____________ cells; cuboidal, squamous, and columnar.
Epithelial
What influences the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)?
Hydrostatic pressure (Ph)
Colloid osmotic pressure gradient (pi)
Fluid pressure within Bowman’s capsule (Pfluid)
_______________ allows fluid to move easily across
Glomerular endothelium ➡️ _____________ ➡️ Podocyte
Fenestration
Basal lamina
Net filtration pressure =
Ph - Pi - Pfluid
(55)-(30)-(15)
10mmHg
