Post Industrial Revolution Flashcards
Urbanisation
Large numbers of people Moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories
How has urbanisation impacted sport
A large working class population created a demand for mass entertainment, while a lack of space created the need for the development of purpose built facilities
Wholemeal, Toast, Pain au, Chocolat
Lack of Work space, loss of Traditional sports, large working class Population, change in working Conditions
Transport improvements
Steam Trains and railways increased spectator and participation opportunities which spread interest in sport
How did the railway develop sport
Movement of teams or spectators. Nationwide fixture developing on regular basis. Cheaper train travel for spectators and teams
How did church influence sport?
- Played a major role in everybody’s lives pre 1800 but particularly the lives of normal people
- church facilities such as halls were provided
- organised teams
How did sport develop in post industrial Britain and spread through the British empire?
As officers in the British army - sport was spread throughout the army
As diplomats - they travelled the world and took sport with them
What are two characteristics of rational recreation
1-played regionally
2-played regularly
What are Philanthropists
Kind, generous, middle class people who were keen to try provide a better life among the working class
What are public provisions
Local council provision of facilities e.g. recreational sport for the masses to participate.
How did public provisions effect rational recreation?
- The development of public baths in urban and industrial areas positively influenced the opportunities for working-class rational recreation.
- Such involvement in positive physical activity was seen as a means of social control of the working classes, (keeping them away from drinking, gambling and violence)
- Helped improved productivity at work as workers became healthier.
What is Muscular Christianity
Used sports (especially association football) to get more people to church.
Define amateur.
A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.
What is rational recreation?
In the 19th century, these were sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the middle class to be well ordered, organised and controlled.
What were the 6 negative effects of industrialisation during the first half of the 19th century?
- Lack of leisure time.
- Lack of income.
- Migration of the lower classes into the cities.
- Poor health.
- Loss of rights.
- A lack of public provisions.
What does HITFOR stand for?
H - Poor Health and Hygiene
I - Lack of Income
T - Lack of Time
F - Facility provision was lacking
O - Overcrowding and lack of space
R - Loss of Rights
How did poor health impact on recreation?
People had a lack of hygiene and ability to play sport due to illness.
How did a lack of income impact on recreation?
People couldn’t afford to pay for leisure pursuits.
How did long working days impact on recreation?
People had less time, the sabbath day was followed which meant that Sunday was the day of rest.
How did the migration of lower classes into urban areas impact on recreation?
There was less space for recreational past times.
How did a lack of public provision impact on recreation?
No facilities or equipment for the lower class.
How did a loss of rights, changes in criminal laws impact on recreation?
Restricted mob games and blood sports due to ‘criminal activity’
What were the improvements in the second half of the industrial revolution (19th century)?
- Health and hygiene improved.
- Gradual increase in wages and more time for sport.
- Development of the middle class.
- The influence of Ex public schoolboys.
- The values of athleticism.
- Industrial patronage.
- Improvements in transport and communications.
- Cheaper travel.
Who founded the Wenlock Olympian games in (1850)?
Dr William Penny Brookes
What are the four key features of urbanisation that contributed to the development of sport?
- Lack of work space.
- Large working class population.
- Loss of traditional sports.
- Change in working conditions.
How did the middle-class improve the lives of the working class via improvement in sporting provisions?
- Codification
- Competition
- Increase in leisure time
- Move to professionalism
- Public provisions.
Why was there a development of the National Governing Bodies?
- ) Sport was becoming increasingly popular with more widespread playing of sports teams.
- )More clubs and teams were being formed.
- )Leagues and competitions were required for teams to compete in.
- )More National and international fixtures.
- )Nationally agreed rules and codification.
- )Maintenance of the ‘amateur ideal’
Why did some NGB’s try to prevent professionals from competing in their sport?
- To preserve amateur ideal in sport.
- Due to the desire of the upper class to maintain control of sport.
- To maintain exclusivity
- They didn’t like losing to the lower class.
What is an Amateur?
A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.
What is a professional?
A person who plays sport for financial gain.
