Post Industrial Revolution

Question 1

Urbanisation

Answer 1

Large numbers of people Moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories

Question 2

How has urbanisation impacted sport

Answer 2

A large working class population created a demand for mass entertainment, while a lack of space created the need for the development of purpose built facilities

Question 3

Wholemeal, Toast, Pain au, Chocolat

Answer 3

Lack of Work space, loss of Traditional sports, large working class Population, change in working Conditions

Question 4

Transport improvements

Answer 4

Steam Trains and railways increased spectator and participation opportunities which spread interest in sport

Question 5

How did the railway develop sport

Answer 5

Movement of teams or spectators. Nationwide fixture developing on regular basis. Cheaper train travel for spectators and teams

Question 6

How did church influence sport?

Answer 6

• Played a major role in everybody’s lives pre 1800 but particularly the lives of normal people
• church facilities such as halls were provided
• organised teams

Question 7

How did sport develop in post industrial Britain and spread through the British empire?

Answer 7

As officers in the British army - sport was spread throughout the army

As diplomats - they travelled the world and took sport with them

Question 8

What are two characteristics of rational recreation

Answer 8

1-played regionally

2-played regularly

Question 9

What are Philanthropists

Answer 9

Kind, generous, middle class people who were keen to try provide a better life among the working class

Question 10

What are public provisions

Answer 10

Local council provision of facilities e.g. recreational sport for the masses to participate.

Question 11

How did public provisions effect rational recreation?

Answer 11

• The development of public baths in urban and industrial areas positively influenced the opportunities for working-class rational recreation.
• Such involvement in positive physical activity was seen as a means of social control of the working classes, (keeping them away from drinking, gambling and violence)
• Helped improved productivity at work as workers became healthier.

Question 12

What is Muscular Christianity

Answer 12

Used sports (especially association football) to get more people to church.

Question 13

Define amateur.

Answer 13

A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.

Question 14

What is rational recreation?

Answer 14

In the 19th century, these were sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the middle class to be well ordered, organised and controlled.

Question 15

What were the 6 negative effects of industrialisation during the first half of the 19th century?

Answer 15

• Lack of leisure time.
• Lack of income.
• Migration of the lower classes into the cities.
• Poor health.
• Loss of rights.
• A lack of public provisions.

Question 16

What does HITFOR stand for?

Answer 16

H - Poor Health and Hygiene
I - Lack of Income

T - Lack of Time
F - Facility provision was lacking
O - Overcrowding and lack of space
R - Loss of Rights

Question 17

How did poor health impact on recreation?

Answer 17

People had a lack of hygiene and ability to play sport due to illness.

Question 18

How did a lack of income impact on recreation?

Answer 18

People couldn’t afford to pay for leisure pursuits.

Question 19

How did long working days impact on recreation?

Answer 19

People had less time, the sabbath day was followed which meant that Sunday was the day of rest.

Question 20

How did the migration of lower classes into urban areas impact on recreation?

Answer 20

There was less space for recreational past times.

Question 21

How did a lack of public provision impact on recreation?

Answer 21

No facilities or equipment for the lower class.

Question 22

How did a loss of rights, changes in criminal laws impact on recreation?

Answer 22

Restricted mob games and blood sports due to ‘criminal activity’

Question 23

What were the improvements in the second half of the industrial revolution (19th century)?

Answer 23

• Health and hygiene improved.
• Gradual increase in wages and more time for sport.
• Development of the middle class.
• The influence of Ex public schoolboys.
• The values of athleticism.
• Industrial patronage.
• Improvements in transport and communications.
• Cheaper travel.

Question 24

Who founded the Wenlock Olympian games in (1850)?

Answer 24

Dr William Penny Brookes

Question 25

What are the four key features of urbanisation that contributed to the development of sport?

Answer 25

• Lack of work space.
• Large working class population.
• Loss of traditional sports.
• Change in working conditions.

Question 26

How did the middle-class improve the lives of the working class via improvement in sporting provisions?

Answer 26

• Codification
• Competition
• Increase in leisure time
• Move to professionalism
• Public provisions.

Question 27

Why was there a development of the National Governing Bodies?

Answer 27

1. ) Sport was becoming increasingly popular with more widespread playing of sports teams.
2. )More clubs and teams were being formed.
3. )Leagues and competitions were required for teams to compete in.
4. )More National and international fixtures.
5. )Nationally agreed rules and codification.
6. )Maintenance of the ‘amateur ideal’

Question 28

Why did some NGB’s try to prevent professionals from competing in their sport?

Answer 28

• To preserve amateur ideal in sport.
• Due to the desire of the upper class to maintain control of sport.
• To maintain exclusivity
• They didn’t like losing to the lower class.

Question 29

What is an Amateur?

Answer 29

A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.

Question 30

What is a professional?

Answer 30

A person who plays sport for financial gain.