Post Industrial Britain

Question 1

Define Urbanisation

Answer 1

Large numbers of people migrating/moving from rural areas into towns and cities, seeking regular work in the factories.

Question 2

How did the railway develop sport?

Answer 2

• Movement of teams/spectators - nationwide fixtures developing on a regular basis.
• Improved access to different parts of the country.
• Cheaper train travel, led to the working classes following their teams home and away.
• Improved access to the countryside.

Question 3

How did the church influence sport?

Answer 3

• Church played a major role in everybody’s lives pre 1800 (Pre Industrial Britain), but particularly the lives of normal people.
• Church facilities such as halls provided facilities.
• The church organised sports team such as football.

Question 4

How did sport develop in post-industrial Britain and spread through the British Empire?

Answer 4

As OFFICERS in the British army – sport was spread throughout the army.

As Diplomats - they travelled the world and took sport with them.

Question 5

What are the 9 characteristics of rational recreation?

Answer 5

1.) Played regionally, nationally and internationally

Question 6

What are Philanthropists?

Answer 6

Kind, generous, middle class individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to try provide for a better life among the working class.

Question 7

What are Public Provisions?

Answer 7

Local council provision of facilities e.g. recreational sport for the masses to participate.

Question 8

How did public provisions effect rational recreation?

Answer 8

• The development of public baths in urban and industrial areas positively influenced the opportunities for working-class rational recreation.
• Such involvement in positive physical activity was seen as a means of social control of the working classes, (keeping them away from drinking, gambling and violence)
• Helped improved productivity at work as workers became healthier.

Question 9

What is Muscular Christianity

Answer 9

Used sports (especially association football) to get more people to church.

Question 10

Define amateur.

Answer 10

A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.

Question 11

What is rational recreation?

Answer 11

In the 19th century, these were sports pastimes for the lower classes which were designed by the middle class to be well ordered, organised and controlled.

Question 12

What were the 6 negative effects of industrialisation during the first half of the 19th century?

Answer 12

• Lack of leisure time.
• Lack of income.
• Migration of the lower classes into the cities.
• Poor health.
• Loss of rights.
• A lack of public provisions.

Question 13

What does HITFOR stand for?

Answer 13

H - Poor Health and Hygiene
I - Lack of Income
T - Lack of Time
F - Facility provision was lacking
O - Overcrowding and lack of space
R - Loss of Rights

Question 14

How did poor health impact on recreation?

Answer 14

People had a lack of hygiene and ability to play sport due to illness.

Question 15

How did a lack of income impact on recreation?

Answer 15

People couldn’t afford to pay for leisure pursuits.

Question 16

How did long working days impact on recreation?

Answer 16

People had less time, the sabbath day was followed which meant that Sunday was the day of rest.

Question 17

How did the migration of lower classes into urban areas impact on recreation?

Answer 17

There was less space for recreational past times.

Question 18

How did a lack of public provision impact on recreation?

Answer 18

No facilities or equipment for the lower class.

Question 19

How did a loss of rights, changes in criminal laws impact on recreation?

Answer 19

Restricted mob games and blood sports due to ‘criminal activity’

Question 20

What were the improvements in the second half of the industrial revolution (19th century)?

Answer 20

• Health and hygiene improved.
• Gradual increase in wages and more time for sport.
• Development of the middle class.
• The influence of Ex public schoolboys.
• The values of athleticism.
• Industrial patronage.
• Improvements in transport and communications.
• Cheaper travel.

Question 21

Who founded the Wenlock Olympian games in (1850)?

Answer 21

Dr William Penny Brookes

Question 22

What are the four key features of urbanisation that contributed to the development of sport?

Answer 22

• Lack of work space.
• Large working class population.
• Loss of traditional sports.
• Change in working conditions.

Question 23

How did the middle-class improve the lives of the working class via improvement in sporting provisions?

Answer 23

• Codification
• Competition
• Increase in leisure time
• Move to professionalism
• Public provisions.

Question 24

Why was there a development of the National Governing Bodies?

Answer 24

1. ) Sport was becoming increasingly popular with more widespread playing of sports teams.
2. )More clubs and teams were being formed.
3. )Leagues and competitions were required for teams to compete in.
4. )More National and international fixtures.
5. )Nationally agreed rules and codification.
6. )Maintenance of the ‘amateur ideal’

Question 25

Why did some NGB’s try to prevent professionals from competing in their sport?

Answer 25

• To preserve amateur ideal in sport.
• Due to the desire of the upper class to maintain control of sport.
• To maintain exclusivity
• They didn’t like losing to the lower class.

Question 26

What is an Amateur?

Answer 26

A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain.

Question 27

What is a professional?

Answer 27

A person who plays sport for financial gain.