Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Positions/Arteries Veins > Flashcards

Positions/Arteries Veins Flashcards

1
Q

what is the plane that divides into UNEQUAL right and left halves

A

sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the plane that divides the body into dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior) sections

A

coronal/frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the plane that divides the body into upper and lower segment

A

transverse/horizontal/axial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what joints only move in one plane

A

elbow, digits (flex and extend)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what joints flex, extend, abduct, adduct

A

Knuckles, shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 5 movements of the thumb

A

abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, and opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the plane that divides into EQUAL right and left halves

A

median plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the plane commonly used in imaging of the brain

A

coronal/frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the plane CT scans are commonly generated in?

A

axial/transverse/horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the x-axis movement?

A

sagittal (think to cross the t’s would make an x)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the y-axis movement?

A

transverse (think the v looks like a y)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the z-axis movement

A

coronal (think zzzz is death like corona-19)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the pollex

A

thumb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the hallux

A

big toe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the shoulder to elbow

A

arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the knee to ankle

A

leg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the hip to knee

A

thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the anatomical term for on same side?

A

ipsilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the anatomical term for on opposite sides?

A

contralateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the anatomical term for towards the upper extremity

A

superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the anatomical term for towards the lower extremity

A

inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the anatomical term for away from the midline

A

lateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the anatomical term for pertaining to body wall

A

parietal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the anatomical term for pertaining to internal organs

A

visceral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the anatomical term for towards the head/brain

A

rostral (associated with CNS)

“you create a roster in your head”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is the anatomical term for towards the feet/spinal cord

A

Caudal (associated with CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the anatomical term for towards surface of body

A

external/superficial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the anatomical term for away from surface of body

A

internal/deep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the anatomical term for towards ROOT of limb

A

proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is the anatomical term for towards END of limb

A

distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the anatomical term for decreasing an angle

A

flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what is the anatomical term for increasing an angle

A

extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the anatomical term for movement towards the body/midline

A

adduction (think “im adding” in)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is the anatomical term for away from the body/midline

A

abduction (think “im abducting the girl away from her parents”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the anatomical term for internal rotation

A

medial rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is the anatomical term for lateral rotation

A

external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

what is the anatomical term for circular motion? combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

A

circumduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what movements can the spine do?

A

extension/flexion, rotation, lateral bending (NO adduction or abduction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is more functional, pronation or supination?

A

pronation (typing, writing, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

what is the most mobile AND unstable joint in the body

A

shoulder
most common dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is the anatomical term for movement of thumb to touch tips of other fingers on same hand

A

opposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

what is the anatomical term for return thumb to anatomical position after opposition

A

reposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

what is the anatomical term for rotation of forearm, palm faces posteriorly

A

pronation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what is the anatomical term for rotation of forearm, palm faces anteriorly (NORMAL anatomical position)

A

supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

what is the anatomical term for elevation of medial side of sole

A

inversion (think cleft foot, moving into the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

what is the anatomical term for elevation of lateral side of sole

A

eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

is the thumb a finger

A

technically NO

metacarpals however are 1-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

what is the anatomical term for drawing scapula laterally and anteriorly on posterior thoracic wall

A

protraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

what is the anatomical term for drawing the scapula medially and posteriorly on the posterior thoracic wall

A

retraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

what is the anatomical term for INward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, pointing medially

A

valgus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

what is the anatomical term for OUTward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint, pointing laterally

A

varus (think Sadie RRRobertson, vaRRRus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

what is the anatomical term for closing the mouth

A

elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

what body parts can protract and retract

A

mandible (temporomandibular joint) scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

what is the anatomical term for opening the mouth

A

depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

what is the anatomical term for

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

what is the anatomical term for

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

what is the anatomical term for

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

what movements occur at the temporomandibular joints

A

elevation, depression, protrusion/protraction, retrusion/retraction

59
Q

what movements occur in the sagittal plane

A

flexion-extension
plantar flexion-dorsiflexion

60
Q

what movements occur in the coronal plane

A

Abduction–adduction
Lateral flexion of the trunk
Upward and downward rotation of the scapula
Radial and ulnar deviation of the wrist
Elevation and depression of the scapula

61
Q

what movements occur in the transverse plane

A

Medial (internal) and lateral (external) rotation of the shoulder or hip joint
Pronation – supination (forearm)
Rotation of the trunk, neck or head

62
Q

Many anatomic structures including muscles and parts of bones are named by descriptive terms. These terms often describe what 4 things?

A

function, shape, size, location of the structure

63
Q

how does a muscle work?

A

it crosses a joint

64
Q

what is the main muscle supinator of the forearm?

A

biceps

65
Q

what is the cubitus

A

elbow

66
Q

what is the carpus

A

wrist

67
Q

what does rectus mean

A

straight

68
Q

what is the type of tissue that is polarized membranes or glands, that line and cover all surfaces of the body

A

epithelium

can be protective, secretory, OR absorbtive

69
Q

what is the type of tissue that joins together other tissues, supports avascular epithelia

A

connective tissue

70
Q

what is the type of connective tissue has no direct blood supply, heals poorly, no direct nerves, no pain fibers?

A

cartilage

71
Q

what are the 3 types of cartilage?

A

hyaline
fibro
elastic

72
Q

what are types of connective tissue?* (6)

A

tendons
ligaments
bones
cartilage
adipose tissue
blood

73
Q

what are types of muscle?* (3)

A

smooth
skeletal
cardiac

74
Q

what type of muscle is found in walls of internal organs and blood vessels

A

smooth
INVOLUNTARY

75
Q

what type of muscle is found in heart and proximal parts of the great vessels

A

cardiac
INVOLUNTARY

76
Q

what type of muscle is under voluntary control

A

skeletal

77
Q

how do skeletal muscles generate more force?

A

more motor units/cells will use more force

78
Q

how do cardiac muscle cells generate more force?

A

by opening up more calcium, cells have to contract stronger, all contract with every contraction

79
Q

what type of nervous tissue consists of dendrites and axons with neuronal cell bodies housed in ganglia

A

PNS

80
Q

what type of nervous tissue consists of neurons, their processes and glial cells?

A

CNS

81
Q

what type of tissue conducts electrical impulses

A

nervous

82
Q

what is the most abundant type of cartilage

A

hyaline
articular, costal, nasal, tracheal

83
Q

what type of cartilage bears the most weight

A

fibro
intervertebral discs, menisci, symphysis pubis

84
Q

what type of cartilage is in the external ear and epiglottis

A

elastic

85
Q

what type of connective tissue HAS blood supply, HAS nerve/pain fibers, and heals slowly

A

bone (hardest/densest structures in the body)

86
Q

what type of bone is on the outer?

A

compact (dense)

87
Q

what type of bone is on the inner?

A

cancellous/spongy

88
Q

what type of bone is tubular, with a shaft with marrow cavity

A

long bones
(femur, humerus)

89
Q

what type of bone is small?

A

short bones
carpals and tarsals

90
Q

what type of bone is squamous, skull, ribs, sternum, scapula

A

flat bones

91
Q

what type of bone is vertebrae, skull bones, pelvic bones

A

irregular bones

92
Q

what type of bone is the patella, develops in tendon

A

sesamoid bones

93
Q

what type of bone occurs within a suture of the cranium

A

sutural bone

94
Q

what bones provide support?

A

alveolar bone/teeth*
lower limbs/trunk
cervical vertebrae
skull and neck viscera

95
Q

what bones provide protection?

A

skull (brain)
vertebral column (for spinal cord)
rib cage (for lungs and heart)

96
Q

what are the 5 functions of bones?

A

1) support
2) movement
3) protection
4) mineral storage (calcium homeostasis)
movement of calcium and phosphates between bone and blood continuously regulated by calcitonin and parathryoid hormone
5) haematopoiesis (blood cell formation)
occurs in marrow cavities of many bones, e.g. femur, sternum, humerus, pelvis

97
Q

if mineral was removed from bone, what would it be?

A

too bendable

98
Q

if collagen was removed from bone, it would be?

A

too brittle

99
Q

where is most (99%) of calcium stored?

A

bones
it is very tightly controlled!

100
Q

what are 3 examples of fibrous joints (synarthroses)

A

1) suture (non-moveable) in between skull
2) syndemosis (unites the shaft of 2 long bones)
3) gomphosis (tooth)

101
Q

what is the term for when slight movement is permitted

A

amphiarthrodial

102
Q

what is primary cartilaginous joint, bones united by hyaline cartilage, temporary, replaced by bone, allow growth of long bones – becomes a synarthrosis when bone elongation is complete

A

synchondrosis

103
Q

what is secondary cartilaginous joint, bones united by fibrocartilage, permanent, strong, allow limited movement

A

symphysis

104
Q

what is a joint that is cartilage to cartilage

A

articular
when bearing weight, water gets squeezed out, lubricates the joint

105
Q

what type of joint is freely moveable (diarthrosis) with membrane of fluid

A

synovial

106
Q

what are the components of a synovial joint

A

ligaments
labrum
articular disc/miniscus
fat pads
bursae

107
Q

what are dense bands of connective tissue (mainly collagen, some contain elastic fibers), stabilize joint

A

ligament

108
Q

what is a ligament sprain

A

stretched or torn ligaments

109
Q

fibrocartilaginous rim attached to margin of glenoid cavity or acetabulum that deepens concavity of the articular surface - stabilizes joint

A

labrum

110
Q

Help to bridge incongruity between bony surfaces, compartmentalize joint cavity into two joint spaces which allow different movements

A

articular disc

111
Q

Stabilize the joint and act as shock absorbers

deepen tibial plateaus with which the rounded femoral condyles articulate

A

menisci of the knee

112
Q

what is bone to bone

A

ligament (usually TIGHT)

113
Q

what is muscle to bone

A

tendon (usually RELAXED)

114
Q

what are collections of adipocytes enclosed by a fibrous sheath

A

fat pads

115
Q

what are sacs lined with synovial membrane that produce synovial fluid

A

bursae

116
Q

what does the lymphatic system remove

A

removes excess fluid, larger proteins and cellular debris

117
Q

where are the places where the arteries and veins are flipped

A

pulm artery/vein, umbilical artery/vein

118
Q

which are diameter bigger? veins or arteries?

A

veins (much slower blood flow, so often larger)

119
Q

endothelium with small amount of connective tissue

A

Tunica intima

120
Q

thicker in arteries than veins, contains layers of smooth muscle cells and elastic laminae

A

Tunica media

121
Q

what places do veins not have valves

A

head and neck

122
Q

what are the large arteries (3)

A

aorta
carotid
subclavian

123
Q

what are the medium arteries (3)

A

brachial
radial
femoral

124
Q

what helps move blood through veins (3 things)

A

muscular pump
respiratory pump
valves

125
Q

is lymphatic system passive or active

A

passive

it has valves!

one-way system

126
Q

where does most of the lymphatic system dump into

A

left subclavian and jugular vein

127
Q

what % of fluid does lymphatic channels remove

A

10%

other 90% in the veins

128
Q

what cranial nerve is included in the CNS?

A

CN II

129
Q

what is another name for afferent?

A

sensory

130
Q

what is another name for efferent?

A

motor

SA-ME

131
Q

Processes of primary ventral rami become rearranged in interconnected networks

A

plexi

132
Q

how many pairs of cervical nerves?

A

8 pairs

133
Q

how many pairs of thoracic nerves?

A

12

134
Q

how many pairs of lumbar nerves?

A

5

135
Q

how many pairs of sacral nerves?

A

5

136
Q

how many pairs of coccygeal nerves?

A

1

137
Q

found in the root of the neck and axilla – axons become rearranged to form nerves of upper limb

A

brachial plexus

138
Q

Branches of nerves that give sensory innervation to the SKIN

A

Cutaneous Nerves

139
Q

Areas of the skin innervated by a single spinal cord segment

A

dermatome

140
Q

what does somatic mean

A

voluntary

141
Q

what does autonomic mean

A

involuntary (THINK automatic)

142
Q

what is the autonomic nervous system further divided into

A

sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric

143
Q

does the sympathetic nervous system constrict or relax airways

A

relax, wants all the air to stay alive

Anatomy (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions