Back, Shoulder, Spine Flashcards
what bone forms a joint with the humeral head and clavicular joint
scapula
what does the AC joint pair together
acronium and clavicle
where is the glenoid fossa
little speherical joint that joins the humurus, ball and socket joint
what bone hold shoulders back and to the side
clavicle
if the sternoclavicular joint was to be injured, what is located behind it
aorta, SVC
what is the joint that holds the upper extremity to axial skeleton?*
sternoclavicular joint (SC joint)
what 3 muscles attach to the coracoid process?*
coracobrachialis, short head of biceps, pectoralis minor
cshpm
Come study hannah, please man!
what does fossa mean in latin
indentation
what does acronium mean in latin
arch
what 2 muscles help the scapula to not stick out
seratus anterior and external oblique
what muscles are used during relaxed breathing
external intercoastalis and diaphragm
is the humeral head shiny or rough
shiny, it is covered by articular cartilage
the neck of the humerus is where the rough part starts
whats the most common direction of shoulder tear (anterior or posterior)
anterior
population for greatest risk for posterior: seizure
what nerve could be injured with a humeral fracture
radial nerve
what is the term for a projection NEAR a joint
epicondyle
what runs near the medial epicondyle of the humerus
ulnar nerve (tennis elbow)
what can the radius do
flex/extend, pronate/supinate
where does the radial head attach
capitulum
what are the posterior Axio-Appendicular muscles
trapezuius
latissimus dorsi
levator scapulae
rhomboid major and minor
what are the intrinsic shoulder and scapulohumeral muscles
deltoid
rotator cuff (SITS)
teres major
what is the deltoid innervated by*
axillary nerve C5, C6
does the trapezius move the shoulder?**
NO, it does nothing to the shoulder.
what actions does the trapezius do
elevate scapula,
retract scapula,
depresses scapula
what muscle is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)**
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
what nerve controls the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5
how many cranial nerves are there
12 pairs (24)
how many total spinal nerves are there
31
how many total vertebrae
30
what internally rotates the humerus?**
PLT
pectoralis Major
latissimus dorsi
teres major
what muscle helps hold the scapula in place
rhomboids
what externally rotates the shoulder (rotator cuff)**
SITS
supraspanatus
infraspanatus
subscapularus
teres minor
what muscles in the back help with proprioception and respiration
serratus posterior superior (inspire)
serratus posterior inferior (expire)
what muscles extend the head on the neck
splenius capitis
splenius cervicis
what muscles make up the erector spinae? (3)*
illiocostalis
longissmus
spinalis
what muscles keep you upright/maintain support, bend/extend spine?*
illiocostalis
longissmus
spinalis
what are the fused bones
sacrum and coccyx
do intervertebral discs have 1 or 2 numbers in their name**
2!
example: L5 S1
is there a disc between C1 and C2
no (odontoid process acts like a disc)
what is c1 also known as
atlas (carries/supports the head like an atlas)
does c1 have a body like other vertebrae
no, it has an arch
what is c2 also known as
axis, rotates head
are there discs in the sacrum or coccyx
no, they are fused
are most spinal nerves mixed nerves (sensory and motor)
yes
what does c1 do? (sensory or motor)
motor
what does coccyx-0 do? (sensory or motor)
sensory
is lordosis and kyphosis (concave anterior) normal?*
YES
is scoliosis more common in girls or boys
girls 10:1
is scoliosis painful, weak, numbness*
no
however, can interfere with cardiac function
what causes the pain with a herniated disk
it hits the spinal nerve posteriorly
what is the fibrous outer portion of the disc
anulus
what is the inner portion of the disc, gelatinous
nucleus pulposus
what is the vertebral foreman
the hole where the spinal cord goes
what type of vertebrae have the longest spinous processes (C, T, L, S or C)?
thoracic (like a giraffe)
what type of vertebrae have the moose-bullwinkle spinous processes (C, T, L, S or C)?
lumbar
is the coccyx the apex or the base
apex
what has the biggest vertebral bodies (C, T, L, S or C)?
lumbar
where does the spinal cord end
L1
what is the meninges innermost layer that is adherent to the spinal cord
pia
what is the meninges layer that CSF is contained by
arachnoid
what is the outermost thickest layer of the meninges
dura
what is the meninges extension of pia, anchors cord to sacrum
filum terminale
what does the vertebral artery form as it ascends to foramen magnum
a loop
