Brachial Plexus, Peripheral Nerves, Arm Flashcards
what are the spinal Roots/spinal nerves of the brachial plexus
C5, c6, c7, c8, t1
what are the spinal roots/spinal nerves of the phrenic nerve
c3, c4, c5 keep the diaphragm alive
what are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus
superior, middle, inferior
how many anterior divisions are in the brachial plexus
3
how many posterior divisions are in the brachial plexus
3
what are the cords of the brachial plexus
lateral, posterior, medial
what are the branches of the brachial plexus
musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, radial, axillary
how many trunks are there in the brachial plexus
3
how many roots are there in the brachial plexus
5
what roots form the superior trunk
C5 and C6
what root forms the middle trunk
C7
what roots form the inferior trunk
C8 and T1
what muscle does the long thoracic nerve innervate*
serratus anterior
what muscle does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate
levator scapulae and rhomboids
the LATERAL cord is formed from the ________ division from the _______ and _______ trunks
Formed from the anterior division from the superior and middle trunks
the POSTERIOR cord is formed from the __________ divisions from all 3 trunks
Formed from the posterior divisions from all 3 trunks
the MEDIAL cord is formed from the ________ division of the ________ trunk
Medial cord is formed from the anterior division of the inferior trunk
what 3 things does the lateral cord give off?
Lateral pectoral
Musculocutaneous
½ Median nerve
what spinal roots are the medial cord
C8, T1
what spinal roots are the lateral cord
C5, C6, C7
what spinal roots are the posterior cord
ALL 5 NERVE ROOTS
what 3 muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve branch innervate
biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis
after innervating the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis; does the musculocutaneious nerve become a purely sensory nerve?
YES
what nerve supplies most of the small muscles of the hand, wrist flexor
ulnar nerve
what does antibrachial mean?
forearm
what does brachial mean?
arm (upper arm)
what 3 nerves go to the hand
radial, ulnar, median
what nerve supplies the thumb
radial
what nerve is wrist drop (with NORMAL sensation)
posterior interocious nerve (PIN)
what 5 things does the medial cord give off?
½ Median nerve
Medial pectoral nerve
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Ulnar nerve
what does the median nerve innervate
muscles in forearm and hand
what does the medial pectoral nerve innervate
pectoralis minor and major
what does the medial brachial cutaneous nerve innervate
skin of medial arm
what does the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervate
skin of medial FOREarm
what does the ulnar nerve innervate
muscles of forearm and hand
what 5 things does the posterior cord give off?
axillary nerve
radial nerve
thoracodorsal nerve
upper subscapular nerve
lower subscapular nerve
what does the axillary nerve innervate
deltoid
teres minor
(lateral shoulder*)
(can be stretched when a person dislocates their shoulder)
what does the radial nerve innervate (BIGGEST NERVE)
triceps
ancouneus
brachioradialis
extensor muscles of the forearm
what wraps around the medial epicondyle
ulnar nerve
what does the thoracodorsal innervate
latissimus dorsi
what 3 nerves create the classic M
musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve
what cord does the musculocutaneous nerve originate from
lateral cord
what cord does the median nerve originate from
lateral and medial cords
what cord does the ulnar nerve originate from
medial cord
what nerve passes through the quandragular space
axillary nerve
what forms the common triceps tendon
lateral, long, medial triceps
what kind of nerve can be hurt by a humerus fracture
radial nerve
what nerve innervates most of the palm of the hand (thumb, index, middle finger, half of ring finger, and palm)
median nerve
what nerve is damaged by carpal tunnel
median
what innervates most of the back (dorsal) of the hand
radial
what innervates half of the ring finger and pinky
ulnar
what innevates the lateral sensation (near the thumb side) forearm
musculocutaneous nerve
what flexes the elbow
musculocutaneous nerve
what nerve innervates the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
musculocutaneous
what cord does the radial nerve come from
posterior cord
what nerve innervates the triceps, wrist extensor, digit extension
radial nerve
what muscle helps supinate and pronate
brachialradialis
what is the main muscle supinator
biceps
is the superficial radial sensory?
yes, purely sensory
what comes from the DEEP radial nerve and changes its name? is this motor?
posterior interocious nerve (PIN)
yes it is motor
if there is NO sensation and the wrist cannot be moved, what nerve is this
radial nerve
what innervates the brachialis
median nerve
what 2 nerves do NOT have any branches to the arm or axilla*
median and ulnar nerve
what is an area of skin that is supplied by 1 (one) spinal SENSORY nerve
dermatome
what is C6 dermatome
thumb
what is C7 dermatome
middle finger
what is C8 dermatome
little (pinky nerve)
what is C5 dermatome
anterolateral shoulder
what is dense connective tissue that covers the bone
periostium (this is rough)
what covers the joints of bones
articular cartilage (this is smooth)
what is between the radius and ulnar, fibrous connective tissue that holds them together
interosseous membrane
what tuberosity helps with supination?
bicipital tuberosity
does fascia/connective tissue stretch/grow slowly?
yes
can you still have a radial pulse with compartment syndrome in the forearm
yes
are there anterior and posterior compartments in the arm
yes
FOREarm is more common for compartment syndrome
what muscle has an origin in the coracoid process of scapula
coracobrachialis
what muscle has the action of FLEXING arm at shoulder and ADDUCTS arm at shoulder
coracobrachialis
what muscle has the action of FLEXING forearm at elbow and supinating forearm
biceps brachii
what has origin at supraglenoid tubercle of glenoid
long head of biceps brachii
what has origin at the coracoid fossa
short head of the biceps brachii
what flexes forearm at the elbow (only action it performs!)
brachialis
what has origin at the distal half of anterior humerus
brachialis
what has insertion at the cornoid process of ulna
brachialis
what innervates the triceps
radial nerve
what is the deep head of the triceps
medial head
what muscle extends forearm at elbow; weak shoulder extensor (long head only)
triceps brachii
what muscle group inserts on the olecranon of the ulna
triceps brachii
what tiny muscle stabilizes the shoulder joint, extends elbow
anconeus
radial nerve innervates this
what are the muscles that create the UPPER triangular space
teres minor
teres major
long head triceps
what are the muscles that create the LOWER triangular space
teres major
lateral head of triceps
long head triceps
(radial nerve is here)
what are the muscles of the quandrangular space
subscapularis
teres minor
teres major
long head triceps
humerus
axillary nerve
